Chapter 23&24
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| Hypoglycemia means... | low Blood glucose level
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| Name 3 oral anti-diabetic agents | Sulfonylureas
Alpha-glucosidase
Biguanides
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| These work by increasing insulin production and by improving peripheral insulin activity | Sulfonylureas
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| These work by delaying digestion of complex carbs | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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| Works by decreasing hepatic glucose output and enhancing insulin sensitivity in muscle | Biguanides
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| What do you need to do before administering insulin? | -Check patients BGL
-Check expiration date of insulin
-be sure "reg" insulin is clear/NPH is cloudy
-check right dose with another licensed nurse
-Perform 5 rights (TRAMP) and rotate sites of admin
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| Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH) does what? | Stimulates development of ovarian follicles in the female and sperm production in the testes of the male
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| This works in conjunction w/FSH to induce secretion of estrogen, ovulation, and development of the corpus luteum | Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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| Luteotropic Hormone (LTH) does what? | Stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum and secretion of milk by the mammary gland, hence the term lactogenic hormone
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| Male hormone that stimulates the development of male characteristics is called | Androgens
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| Female sex hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. | Estrogen
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| The therapeutic use of hormones is called | Hormone Therapy
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| Hormone that is responsible for changes in the uterine endometrium in the second half of the menstrual cycle in preparation for implantation of the fertilized ovum, development of placenta and mammary glands, is called | Progesterone
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| Medications used for Birth Control are called | Contraceptives
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| Hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract, thus inducing labor | Oxytocin/pitocin
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| Internal secretion hormone produced by a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream is called | Endocrine
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| This is also called the "Master Gland" because it regulates function of other glands. It secretes ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, and LTH | Pituitary Gland
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| Gland that secretes hormones called corticosteroids | Adrenal Gland
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| What are some side effects of long-term steroid use? | -Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
-Osteoporosis
-increased intraocular pressure
-psychosis
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| Name two Pituitary drugs | Coricotropin
Consyntropin
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| What hormone does the thyroid gland produce? | Thyroid or Thyroxine
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| Low thyroid, is caused by diminished or absent thyroid function is known as | Hypothyroidism
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| Agents that are used in replacement therapy for Hypothyroidism, the most common thyroid problem. | Thyroid agents
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| Name two thyroid agent drugs | levothyroxine (Synthyroid, Levothroid)
liothyronine (Cytomel)
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| A hypothyroid condition in children, replacement therapy | Cretinism
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| A hypothyroid condition in adults is called | Myxedema
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| Having an overdose of thyroid, or to much thyroid is called | Hyperthyroidism
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| Agents used to relieve the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are called | Anti-thyroid agents
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| A blood disorder where one part of the blood is not present in normal supply | Blood dyscrasia
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| Name two Anti-thyroid agent drugs | Methimazole (tapazole)
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
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| These are administered to lower blood glucose levels. | Anti-Diabetic agents
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| The "islets of Langerhans" produce what hormone? | Insulin
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| What is the only type of insulin given IV? | Regular
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| When mixing insulin what order do you draw in? | 1st is Clear....2nd Cloudy
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| Fast acting insulin, and this method corrects or brings the glucose level back up to normal parameters "quickly" is what kind of insulin? | Regular insulin
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| How fast the insulin starts to work after the injections is called | Onset of action
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| When insulin works the hardest, that is called | Peak
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| How long insulin continues to work is | Duration
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| Elevated blood glucose, is called | Hyperglycemia
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| Symptoms of hyperglycemia are | -dehydration and excessive thirst
-Polyuria/frequent urination
-fruity breath
-vision problems
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| Medications that can be given to help the body's immune system or as replacement therapy is | Corticosteroid
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| The Adrenal Gland secretes what hormone? | Corticosteroid
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| Corticosteroid are an immunosuppressant that suppress the body's response to? | infection or trauma
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| Corticosteroid therapy is not | Curative
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| Corticosteroids act to treat what? | Allergic reactions and severe status of asthma
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| A form of leukopenia or shortage of white blood cells which involves critically low levels of granulocytes is | Agranulocytosis
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| Name 5 Corticosteroid drug names | -Cortisone
-Dexamethasone
-Hydrocortisone
-Methylprednisone
-Prednisone All end in "one"
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| Synthetic drugs that exert progesterone like activity are called | progestins
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| The pituitary gland is located at the base of the | Brain
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| Somatotropin is called | Human growth hormone (HGH)
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| Corticosteroids are used with what other drugs to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs? | Immunosuppresive drugs
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| Healthcare professionals must teach patients beginning on a corticosteroid that prolonged use will result in? | Suppression of the pituitary gland, ending the body's normal secretion of corticosteroids
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| An adverse effect of corticosteroids in older women is the development of what? | Osteoporosis with fractures
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| Patients suffering from hypothyroidism have slowed metabolism with symptoms ranging from | fatigue, dry skin, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, irregular menses to mental retardation if untreated
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| Unopened insulin vials should not be subjected to? | Freezing
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| The hormone that act on the immune system to suppress the body's response to infection or trauma and relieve inflammation are known as | Corticosteroids
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| When patients are on corticosteroids for extended duration, serious side effect may occur, such as | osteoporosis in fractures, especially in older women
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| Which medications increase the effects of corticosteroids? | Estrogens and oral contraceptives
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| What toxic side effects would the healthcare provider observe in a patient who is taking a thyroid agent for the treatment of hypothyroidism? | Hypertension, tachycardia and nervousness
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| Which antithyroid agents are used to relieve the symptoms of hyperthyroidism in preparation for surgical or radioactive iodine therapy? | Tapazole and propylthiouracil
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| Prior to administering insulin the health care professional should always have someone else check what? | The dosage ordered with the insulin drawn up in the syringe in order to prevent medication error.
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| Which insulin preparation should not be mixed with any of the other available types of insulin? | Glargine (lantus)
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| Open vials of insulin may be stored at room temperature without the loss of potency for? | 28days
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| Hyperglycemia may result from | infections or emotional stress
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| Symptoms of hyperglycemia include | Dehydration and excessive thirst
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| The health care professional should instruct the patient and family that hypoglycemia may result from | Overdose of insulin, and insufficient food intake
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| Which insulin should be drawn into the syringe first if regular insulin is to be mixed with NPH? | Draw up the regular first
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| Which factor could affect the blood glucose level sufficiently to decrease the amount of insulin a patient is required to take? | Increased regular exercise
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| Adrenal gland secretes | Corticosteroids
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| Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secretes | Insulin
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| The pituitary gland secretes | -Gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH, LTH)
-Thyroid stimulating hormone
-Somatotropin
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone
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| (true/False) Corticosteroid therapy is used for acute flare-ups of severe skin conditions that do not respond to conservative therapy. | True
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| (True/False) In situations of allergic reactions to insect bites, poison plants, chemicals or other medications with sever symptoms, corticosteroids are often ordered. | True
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| (True/false) A side effect of corticosteroid therapy is gastric or esophageal irritation, ulceration or hemorrhage. | True
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| (True/false) A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus does not produce any insulin. | False
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| (True/False) Insulin must be administered parenterally because it is destroyed in the GI tract. | True
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| (True/false) Regular insulin is the only type of insulin that can be given intravenously. | True
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| The emergency contraceptive Plan B, if taken within three days of sexual intercourse, prevents? | Ovulation or blocks implantation of a fertilized egg.
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| The healthcare professional should inform diabetic patients who are taking androgens and insulin to | monitor blood sugars carefully because androgens will decrease blood glucose and insulin requirements
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| Postmenopausal women taking estrogen should be informed that because of potential side effect, they should increase their dietary intake of | Folate
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| Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and adrenal glands and is responsible for changes in uterine endometrium in the second half of the menstrual cycle? | Progesterone
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| A oral contraceptive that would be safe for a breastfeeding mom would be | Progestin-only
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| What hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe stimulates the uterus to contract for childbirth and then acts on the mammary gland to stimulate the release of milk. | Oxytocin
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| What medication is used for severe preeclampsia or eclampsia to control or prevent seizures by depressing the CNS and blocking neuromuscular transmission? | Magnesium Sulfate
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| Induces the secretion of estrogen, ovulation, and the development of corpus luteum is | Luteinizing hormone
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| Stimulates the development of male characteristics | Androgen
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| Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles in the female and sperm production in the testes of the male | Follicle-stimulating hormone
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| Responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics | Estrogen
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| Responsible for changes in the uterine endometrium in the second half of the menstrual cycle | Progesterone
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| Stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum and the secretion of milk by the mammary gland | Luteotropic hormone
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| Used for the induction of labor in at or near term pregnancies | oxytocin
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| Used as adjunctive and palliative therapy for advanced and metastatic endometrial or breast cancer | Megestrol acetate
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| Used for the prevention and treatment of postpartum and postabortion hemorrhage | Methylergonovine
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| Used to prevent convulsions associated with preeclampsia | Magnesium sulfate
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| Used for the prevention of pregnancy when taken within five days of unprotected intercourse | Ulipristal acetate
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| Used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction | Vardenafil
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| Used for the treatment of endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease because of its antiestrogenic and weakly androgenic effects | Danazol
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| Used to reduce sexual urges in males with pedophilia and sexual sadism | Medrozyprogesterone
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| Used for the treatment of cachexia in patients with burns, trauma, AIDS, or COPD | Oxandrolone
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