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Foundations in Personal Finance Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Consumer   A person or organization that uses a product of service  
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Credit   The granting of a loan and the creation of debt; any form of deferred payment  
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Debt   The obligation of repayment owed by one party (the debtor/borrower) to a second party (the creditor/lender); in most cases this includes repayment of the original loan amount plus interest  
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Economy   A system by which goods and services are produced and distributed  
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Financial literacy   The knowledge and skillset necessary to be an informed consumer and manage finances effectively  
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Interest   A fee paid by a borrower to the lender for the use of borrowed money; typically interest is calculated as a percentage of the principal (original loan amount)  
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Loan   A debt evidenced by a "note," which specifies the principal amount, interest rate and date of repayment  
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Personal finance   All of the decisions and activities of an individual or family regarding their money, including spending, saving, budgeting, etc.  
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Compound interest   Interest paid on interest previously earned; credited daily, monthly, quarterly or semiannually  
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Emergency fund   Five hundred dollars in readily available cash to be used only in the event of an emergency; the goal of the First Foundation  
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Interest rate   Percentage paid to a lender for the use of borrowed money (in debt); percentage earned on invested principal (in investing)  
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Five Foundations   The five steps to financial success  
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Sinking fund   Saving money over time for a large purchase  
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Inflation   The persistent increase in the cost of goods and services or the persistent decline in the purchasing power of money  
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Interest-Bearing Account   An account that generates interest income on the available balance in the account  
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Budget   A written cash flow plan  
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Cash Flow Statement   A summary that shows total income and spending for a given time period  
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Carbon Check   A copy of each check you write  
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Envelope System   Series of envelopes that are divided into categories (food, entertainment, gas, etc.) and are used to store cash for planned monthly expenses  
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Impulse Purchase   An item that is bought without previous planning or consideration of the long-term effects  
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Overdraft   Occurs when money is withdrawn from a bank account and the available balance goes below zero  
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Reconcile   To match your bank statement with your checkbook  
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Zero-Based Budget   A cash flow plan that assigns an expense to every dollar of your income, wherein the total income minus the total expenses equals zero  
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