ch. 7 powerpoint
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| microbial contamination (possibly life-threatening) | Sepsis
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| absence of significant contamination | Asepsis
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| prevents microbial contamination (ex: in a lab or during surgery) | Aseptic techniques
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| removing all microbial life including all endospores | Sterilization
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| removing pathogens from inanimate objects | Disinfection
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| removing pathogens from living tissue, especially wounded tissue | Antisepsis
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| removing microbes from a limited area, especially not wounded part | Degermation
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| any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microbes | Sanitization
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| What are you accomplishing if you apply 5% bleach to an examining table? | disinfection
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| What are you accomplishing if you handwash with soap? | sanitization
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| What are you accomplishing if you are performing surgical handscrub? | degermation
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| what are Microbicidal agents? | biocide, germicide
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| what are examples of microbistatic agents? | bacteriostatic agent, fungistatic agent
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| Many antibiotics are what kind of agents? | microbistatic agents
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| What is the death in microorganisms? | microbials die at a constant rate (6 min)
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| chemical concentration x exposure time= | CT value
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| -alteration of membrane permeability -damage to proteins -damage to nucleic acids | Actions of Microbial Control Agents
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| -Heat -Low temps., high pressure, desiccation, and osmotic pressure -filtration -radiation | physical methods of microbial control
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| Disinfection or sterilization? Boiling at 100 degrees C for 30 min to destroy non-spore-forming pathogens | disinfection
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| steam under pressure -steam must contact the item's surface -more effective than boiling water: kill endospores | Autoclave
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| -reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens -applied to milk or beer | Pasteurization
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| Demonstrated that life did not arise spontaneously from nonliving matter | Louis Pasteur
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| showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation | Pasteur
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| the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine | Fermentation
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| found that yeast ferment sugars to alcohol and that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid | Pasteur
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| responsible for spoilage of food | microbial growth
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| heating process that is used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages and milk | Pasteurization
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| Dry heat: -flaming -inceneration -hot-air sterilization | Dry heat sterilization
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| physical removal of microbes by passing a gas or liquid through filter | Filtration
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| physical method of microbial control that inhibits microbial growth | Low temperature
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| Physical method of microbial control that prevents metabolism | Desiccation
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| Physical method of microbial control that causes plasmolysis | Osmotic pressure
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| High what can kill microorganisms? | energy radiations
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| little penetrating power so it must be directly exposed | Nonionizing radiation
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| what disrupts plasma membranes? | Phenol and Phenolics
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| not rarely used as an antiseptic or disinfectant | phenol
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| the gold standard of disinfectants and other disinfectants are often compared to to rate their effectiveness | Phenol
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| Hexachlorophene, triclosan (found in hand soap) -disrupt plasma membranes | Bisphenols
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| -disrupts plasma membranes -is not absorbed into the skin -used as skin degerming agents for preoperative scrubs, skin cleaning, and burns | Chlorhexidine
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| Iodine -Alter protein synthesis and membranes -Tinctures: In aqueous alcohol -Iodophors: in organic molecules, iodine is released slowly, betadine Chlorine | Halogens
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| Ethanol, isopropanol -denature proteins, dissolve lipids | Alcohols
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| What % of ethanol is more effective than 100%? | 70%
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| -sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and calcium propionate -inhibit metabolism -control molds and bacteria in foods and cosmetics -safe | Organic acids
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| prevents botulism endospore germination but produces the carcinogen nitrosamines | Nitrate or nitrite
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| -sterilant -Formaldehyde, formalin, and glutaraldehyde -inactivate proteins by cross-linking with functional groups -use: medical equipment, embalming by morticians | Aldehydes
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| do not have much direct effect on microorganisms, and bacteria can readily be isolated from the interior of recently operated microwave ovens | microwaves
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