Biology Chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Ecology | the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings
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| Biosphere | contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air(atmosphere)
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| Species | a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
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| Populations | study of groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
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| Communities | a gathering of different populations that live together in a defined area
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| Ecosystem | a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment
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| Biome | a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities
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| Autotrophs | plants, some algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food
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| Producers(plants) | make their own food from the sun
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| Photosynthesis | a chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
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| Chemosynthesis | when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
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| Heterotrophs | organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply
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| Consumers (heterotrophs) | herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detrivores and decomposers
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| Herbivores | eat only plants/cows, caterpillars, and deer
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| Carnivores | eat animals/snakes, dogs, and owls
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| Omnivores | eat plants and animals/humans, bears, and crows
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| Detrivores | feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter/mites, earthworms snails and crabs
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| Decomposers | break down organic matter/bacteria and fungi
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| Food Chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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| Food Web | links all the food chains in an ecosystem together
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| Trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web
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| Ecological Pyramid | a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web
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| Biomass | the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
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| Biochemical cycle | elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another/from one biopshere to another
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| Evaporation | the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas
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| Transpiration | when water enters the atmosphere by evaporation from the leaves of plants
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| Nutrients | all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life
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| Nitrogen fixation | when bacteria that live in the soil and on the roots of legumes convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
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| Denitrification | when other bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
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| Primary productivity | the rate at which organic matter is created by producers
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| Limiting nutrient | a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly in the soil
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| Algal bloom | an immediate increase in the amount of algae in an aquatic ecosystem caused by farm field runoff
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