Chapter 3 biology terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| cell theory | states that all organisms are made of cells
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| cytoplasm | a jelly like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks
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| organelle | structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell
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| prokaryotic cell | a cell that doesn't have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
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| eukaryotic cell | have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
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| cytoskeleton | a flexible network of protiens that provide structura
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| nucleus | Organelle that acts as the storehouse for most of a cells DNA
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| endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produce process and distribute proteins
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| ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins
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| Golgi apparatus | stack of flat membrane enclosed spaces containing enzymes that handle proteins
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| vesicle | small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm
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| mitochondiron | bean shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA
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| vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials such as water, food, or enzymes that are needed by the cell
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| lysosome | organelle that contains enzymes
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| centriole | small organelle that aids mitosis
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| cell wall | rigid structure that gives protection, shape and support to plants, algae, fungi and bacteria
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| chloroplast | organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy
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| cell membrane | a boundary between the cell and the surrounding environment
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| phospholipid | molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane
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| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
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| selective permeability | condition or equality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
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| receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response
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| passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell
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| diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from of a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
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| concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from open location to another
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| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane
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| active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
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| endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane
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| phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle
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| exocytosis | release of substances out of a cell
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