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Ch. 3 Bio
Chapter 3 biology terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | states that all organisms are made of cells |
| cytoplasm | a jelly like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks |
| organelle | structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell |
| prokaryotic cell | a cell that doesn't have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles |
| cytoskeleton | a flexible network of protiens that provide structura |
| nucleus | Organelle that acts as the storehouse for most of a cells DNA |
| endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produce process and distribute proteins |
| ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of flat membrane enclosed spaces containing enzymes that handle proteins |
| vesicle | small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm |
| mitochondiron | bean shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
| vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials such as water, food, or enzymes that are needed by the cell |
| lysosome | organelle that contains enzymes |
| centriole | small organelle that aids mitosis |
| cell wall | rigid structure that gives protection, shape and support to plants, algae, fungi and bacteria |
| chloroplast | organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy |
| cell membrane | a boundary between the cell and the surrounding environment |
| phospholipid | molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane |
| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
| selective permeability | condition or equality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane |
| receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell |
| diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from of a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from open location to another |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane |
| active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle |
| exocytosis | release of substances out of a cell |
Created by:
MolinaO21
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