vocab terms
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| cell theory | -all organisms are made of cells
-all existing cells are produced by other living cells
-the cell is the most basic unit of life
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| cytoplasm | a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks (proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, ions, etc)
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| organelle | structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell
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| prokaryotic cell | cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. the DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm
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| eukaryotic cell | cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. the nucleus encloses the genetic information
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| cytoskeleton | found in each eukaryotic cell; a flexible network of proteins that provide structural support for the cell
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| nucleus | the storehouse for most genetic information, or DNA, in cells
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| endoplasmic reticulum | an interconnected network of thin, folded membranes
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| ribosome | tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
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| Golgi apparatus | consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that protect, sort, and deliver proteins
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| vesicle | a general name used to describe small, membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place in a cell
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| mitochondria | supply energy to the cell; bean shaped with two membranes
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| vacuole | a fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell (water, inorganic ions, enzymes, etc)
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| lysosome | membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes; defends a cell from invading bacteria and viruses
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| centriole | cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
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| cell wall | a rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to plant cells
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| chloroplast | organelles that carry out photosynthesis
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| cell membrane | forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell
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| phospholipid | a molecule composed of a charged phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains
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| fluid mosaic model | describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
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| selective permeability | the property of a cell membrane that allows some, but not all, materials to cross from outside to the inside of a cell
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| receptor | a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response
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