Cell Structure and Function
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| cell theory | theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by living things, and the cell is the most basic unit of life
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| cytoplasm | a jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles
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| organelles | membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell
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| prokaryotic cells | cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
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| eukaryotic cells | cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
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| cytoskeleton | network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell
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| nucleus | organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell’s DNA
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| endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that
produce, process, and distribute proteins
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| ribosomes | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins
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| Golgi apparatus | stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins
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| vesicles | small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm
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| mitochondria | bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA
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| vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell
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| lysosomes | organelle that contains enzymes
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| centrioles | cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
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| cell wall | a rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell
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| chloroplasts | organelles that carry out photosynthesis, a series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy into energy-rich molecules the cell can use
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| cell membrane | forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell
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| phospholipid | a molecule composed of 3 basic parts: a charged phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains
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| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
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| selective permeability | condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
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| receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an
action in response
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| passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from cells
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| diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
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| concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
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| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
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| isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution
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| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane
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| active transport | energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
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| endocytosis | the process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane
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| phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle; see endocytosis
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| exocytosis | the release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
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harolds21
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