Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 3
Cell Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by living things, and the cell is the most basic unit of life |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles |
| organelles | membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell |
| prokaryotic cells | cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryotic cells | cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles |
| cytoskeleton | network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell |
| nucleus | organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell’s DNA |
| endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins |
| ribosomes | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
| vesicles | small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm |
| mitochondria | bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
| vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell |
| lysosomes | organelle that contains enzymes |
| centrioles | cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle |
| cell wall | a rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell |
| chloroplasts | organelles that carry out photosynthesis, a series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy into energy-rich molecules the cell can use |
| cell membrane | forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell |
| phospholipid | a molecule composed of 3 basic parts: a charged phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains |
| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
| selective permeability | condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane |
| receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |
| passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from cells |
| diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
| isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane |
| active transport | energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| endocytosis | the process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane |
| phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle; see endocytosis |
| exocytosis | the release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane |
Created by:
harolds21
Popular Biology sets