Ch 10: Microbial Genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Bacteriocin | one of a group of bacterial proteins toxic to other bacterial cells
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| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects and replicates inside a bacterial cell
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| Biotechnology | the commercial application of genetic engineering using living organisms
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| Conjugation | the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a live donor cell into a live recipient cell during a period of cell contact
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| Defective particle | a virus particle that does not contain the complete set of viral genes needed for viral replication
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| DNA polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication by combining complementary nucleotides to an existing strand
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| F factor | a plasmid containing genes for plasmid replication and conjugation pilus formation
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| Genetic engineering | the use of bacterial and microbial genetics to isolate, manipulate, recombine and express genes
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| Genetic recombination | the process of bringing together different segments of DNA
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| Genome | the complete set of genes in a virus or organism
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| Horizontal gene transfer | the movement of genes from one organism to another within the same generation
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| Induced mutation | a change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule arising from a mutagenic agent used under controlled laboratory conditions
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| Mutagen | a chemical or physical agent that causes a mutation
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| Mutation | a change in the characteristic of an organism arising from a permanent alteration of a DNA sequence
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| Nucleoid | the chromosomal region of a prokaryotic cell
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| Phenotype | the physical appearance of an organism
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| Plasmid | a small, closed loop molecule of DNA apart from the chromosome that replicates independently and carries nonessential genetic information
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| Point mutation | the replacement of one base in a DNA strand with another base
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| Recombinant DNA molecule | a DNA molecule containing DNA from two different sources
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| Replication fork | the point where complementary strands of DNA separate and new complementary strands are synthesized
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| Restriction endonuclease | a type of enzyme that splits open a DNA molecule at a specific restricted point
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| Semiconservative replication | the DNA copying process where each parent (old) strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand
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| Spontaneous mutation | a mutation that arises from natural phenomena in the environment
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| Sticky end | the unpaired ends of a DNA fragment that has been cut with a restriction endonuclease
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| Transduction | the transfer of a few bacterial genes from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a bacterial virus
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| Transformation | the transfer and integration of DNA fragments from a dead and lysed donor cell to a recipient cell’s chromosome
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| Transposon | a segment of DNA that moves from one site on a DNA molecule to another site
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Created by:
drmicro
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