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Microbial Genetics
Ch 10: Microbial Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bacteriocin | one of a group of bacterial proteins toxic to other bacterial cells |
| Bacteriophage | a virus that infects and replicates inside a bacterial cell |
| Biotechnology | the commercial application of genetic engineering using living organisms |
| Conjugation | the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a live donor cell into a live recipient cell during a period of cell contact |
| Defective particle | a virus particle that does not contain the complete set of viral genes needed for viral replication |
| DNA polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication by combining complementary nucleotides to an existing strand |
| F factor | a plasmid containing genes for plasmid replication and conjugation pilus formation |
| Genetic engineering | the use of bacterial and microbial genetics to isolate, manipulate, recombine and express genes |
| Genetic recombination | the process of bringing together different segments of DNA |
| Genome | the complete set of genes in a virus or organism |
| Horizontal gene transfer | the movement of genes from one organism to another within the same generation |
| Induced mutation | a change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule arising from a mutagenic agent used under controlled laboratory conditions |
| Mutagen | a chemical or physical agent that causes a mutation |
| Mutation | a change in the characteristic of an organism arising from a permanent alteration of a DNA sequence |
| Nucleoid | the chromosomal region of a prokaryotic cell |
| Phenotype | the physical appearance of an organism |
| Plasmid | a small, closed loop molecule of DNA apart from the chromosome that replicates independently and carries nonessential genetic information |
| Point mutation | the replacement of one base in a DNA strand with another base |
| Recombinant DNA molecule | a DNA molecule containing DNA from two different sources |
| Replication fork | the point where complementary strands of DNA separate and new complementary strands are synthesized |
| Restriction endonuclease | a type of enzyme that splits open a DNA molecule at a specific restricted point |
| Semiconservative replication | the DNA copying process where each parent (old) strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand |
| Spontaneous mutation | a mutation that arises from natural phenomena in the environment |
| Sticky end | the unpaired ends of a DNA fragment that has been cut with a restriction endonuclease |
| Transduction | the transfer of a few bacterial genes from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a bacterial virus |
| Transformation | the transfer and integration of DNA fragments from a dead and lysed donor cell to a recipient cell’s chromosome |
| Transposon | a segment of DNA that moves from one site on a DNA molecule to another site |
Created by:
drmicro
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