IB Biology 6.5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Neurons/nerve cells | transmit information in the form of nerve impulses
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| The central nervous system | is made up of the neurons of the brain and the spinal cord and receives information from sensory receptors all over the body
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| Peripheral nerves | network of neurons that carry information to and from the central nervous system
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| Sensory neurons | carry information to the central nervous system
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| Motor neurons | transmit impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands that then cause a response
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| Relay neurons | form connection between sensory and motor neuron
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| The cell body | contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm of the cell
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| Small dendrites | receive information from relay neurons and and transmit the impulses to the cell body
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| Myelin sheath | has a high lipid content and forms an electrical insulation layer that speeds the transmission of impulses along the axon
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| How do neurons transmit information | in the form of impulses
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| Impulses | short-lived changes in electrical potential across the membrane of the neuron
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| What do all neurons contain? | Sodium (NA+) and potassium (K+) ions
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| How do impulses occur? | They occur as sodium and potassium ions move in and out through the plasma membrane
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| Resting potential | the condition of a neuron when it´s not transmitting impulses
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| Action potential | the reversal and restoration of the resting potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron as an electrical impulse passes along it
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| Depolarized membrane | is when the distribution of charge across the membrane is reversed during a nerve impulse
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| Threshold potential | is the electrical potential across the plasma membrane of a neuron that is required in order to trigger an action potential
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| Refractory period | a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation.
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| What does a larger diameter mean with regard to rate of conduction along an axon? | Faster reduction
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| Nodes of Ranvier | gaps in the myelin sheath of an axon where the membrane can initiate action potentials.
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| Saltatory conduction | is when the myelin sheath prevents the flow of ions across the membrane so the current must jump from node to node which speeds up transmission of nerve impulse
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| Synapse | is a place where two neurons meet
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| Synaptic cleft | is the gap between two neurons (20nm)
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| Acetylcholine (ACh) | binds to receptors and causes depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane and the initiation of an action potential
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| Nicotine | is an excitatory drug and affects the post-synaptic membrane so that it transmits an action potential
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| Cocaine and amphetamines | excitatory drugs which stimulate synaptic transmission
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| Cannabis and alcohol | suppress the activity of the nervous system
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| Neonicotinoids | chemical pesticides used in insects. They block the transmission at the synapses of insects by binding to acetylcholine receptors.
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Created by:
Wengel
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