Biochemistry Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Respiration | Process used by organisms to release the energy from food
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| Transport (Circulation) | The movement of material around an organism
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| Synthesis | The chemical combination of smaller molecules to create larger ones
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| Excretion | The removal of cellular waste
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| Regulation | Maintains homeostasis
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| Homeostasis | Maintaining a stable internal environment
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| Growth | Being able to grow larger as well as repair when needed
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| Reproduction | The ability of living things to create more of their kind
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| Locomation | The ability of an organism to move
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| Sessile | Do not have the ability to move
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| Motile | Able to move
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| Metabolism | The sum of all living processes needed to sub stain life
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| Nutrition | Obtaining and processing of materials by an organism to use it
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| Autotrophic Nutrtition | Creating their own food
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| Photosynthesis | A process that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to create energy for the organism
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| Chemosynthesis | Use carbon dioxide, water and heat that comes from the vents is produced with hydrogen sulfide and oxygen to form the carbohydrate and sulfur
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| Heterotropic Nutrition | Organisms that can not make their own food
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| Injestion | Take in food
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| Digestion | Break down food
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| Egestion | Remove undigested food
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| Asexual Reproduction | One parent
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| Sexual Reproduction | Two parents
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| Elements | Made up of only one type of atom
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| 4 Most common elements | Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen
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| N | Nitrogen
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| C | Carbon
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| O | Oxygen
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| N | Nitrogen
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| Compound | Made up of 2 or more elements
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| Organic Compounds | Contains Carbon and Hydrogen
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| 4 Major Organic Compounds | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids
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| Inorganic | Does not contain Carbon with hydrogen attached
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| Acids | Have an excess amount of H+, 1-6 on the pH scale
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| Bases | Have an excess amount of OH-, 8-14 on the pH scale
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| pH scale | The measure of how acidic or basic a compound is
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| Neutral | pH of 7
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| Carbohydrates | Contains C, H, & O; used to produce energy
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| Building Block of Carbohydrates | Simple Sugar
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| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar, ONE ring. Ex: Glucose
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| Disaccharide | 2 simple sugars joined together. Ex: Maltose
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| Polysaccharide | Many simple sugars joined together. Ex: Starch
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| Lipids | Contains C, H, & O; major source of energy.
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| Building Blocks of Lipids | 3 Fatty Acids and Glycerol
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| Nucleic Acid | Made up of nucleotides
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| Building Blocks of Nucleic Acid | Nucleotides
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| DNA | Heredity information
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| RNA | Used to produce proteins
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| Fats, Oils, & Waxes | Examples of Lipids
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| Proteins | Made up of C, H, O, & N
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| Building Blocks of Proteins | Amino Acids
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| Dipeptide | Two amino acids chemically attached by a peptide bond
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| Peptide Bond | Chemically attaches two proteins
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| Polypeptide | More than two amino acids chemically connected together
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| Hormones, Enzymes, & Antibodies | Examples of Proteins
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| Organic Catalyst | Enzymes
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| Enzymes | Made of proteins, usually end in -ase
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| Substrate | Binds with an enzyme
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| Enzyme - Substrate Complex | When an enzyme and substrate bind together
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| Lock and Key Theory | Each enzyme is specific for only one substrate
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| Lipase | Breaks down lipids
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| Protease | Breaks down protein
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| Maltase | Breaks down maltose
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| Lactase | Breaks down lactose
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| Sucrase | Breaks down sucrose
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| Effects enzymes | Temperature, pH, and Concentration of substrate/enzymes
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