Biology Chapter 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Atom | basic unit of matter made up of three subatomic particles
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| Protons | positive charge
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| Neutrons | carry no charge
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| Electrons | negatively charged particle that constantly move around the space surrounding the atom's nucleus
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| Atoms | have the same number of protons and electrons, so they are neutral
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| Elements | a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
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| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
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| Mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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| Chemical Compound | a substance formed by the chemical combinations of two or more elements in definite proportions
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| Chemical Bonds | hold together atoms in compounds
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| Valence Electrons | electrons that form bonds/located in the outermost shell of an atom
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| Ionic Bond | forms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming ions
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| Atom | loses electrons becomes positively charged/gains electrons becomes negatively charged/opposites attract forming a bond
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| Covalent Bond | forms when electrons are shared rather than transferred
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| Molecule | smallest unit of most compounds
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| van der Vaals forces | hydrogen bonds/intermolecular forces of attraction
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| Hydrogen Bond | the attraction between a hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule
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| Cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance/produces surface tension
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| Adhesion | is an attraction between molecules and different substances
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| Capillary Action | an effect that causes water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity
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| Mixture | is a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together(Trail Mix)
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| Solution | a mixture in which all the components are eveny spread out(Kool-Aid)
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| Solutes | substances dissolved in water
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| Suspension | mixture of water and undissolved materials
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| Pure Water | pH of 7
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| Acid | any compound that forms H+ ions in solution/pH values 1-6
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| Base | a compound that forms OH- ions in solution/Basic, or alkaline solutions have pH values 8-14
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| Buffers | weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in pH.
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| Organic Chemistry | study of compounds with bonds between carbon atoms
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| Carbon Atoms | have 4 valence electrons
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| Macromolecules | large molecules/form by polymerization (small monomers join together to from polymers)
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| Carbohydrates (starches & sugars) | are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen/main energy source of living things
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| monosaccharides | molecules with one sugar monomer
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| disaccharides | made up of two monosaccharides
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| Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) | made up of fatty acids and glycerols/used to store energy
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| Nucleic Acids | contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus/polymers of nucleotides
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| Nucleotide | has three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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| Proteins | made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| Proteins | control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form cellular structures, carry substances into/out of cells, and help fight disease
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| Peptide Bonds | covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form polypeptide
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| Chemical Reaction | a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another by changing the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds
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| Products | the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
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| Activation Energy | energy needed to get a reaction started
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| Enzymes | proteins that act as biological catalysts/speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
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Created by:
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