biochem chp2
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| monosaccharides | (simple sugars) are single-chain or ring structures containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
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| carbohydrates | a group of molecules that includes sugars and starches, represents 1-2% of cell mass. Are an easily used energy source for the body.
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| disaccharide | (double sugars) is formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis.
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| isomer | molecules with the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently giving them different chemical properties.
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| polysaccharides | polymers of simple sugars linked together by dehydration sythesis.
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| glycogen | the storage carbohydrate of animal tissue.
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| starch | is storage carbohydrate formed by plants.
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| lipids | are insoluble in water but dissolve readily in other lipids and in organic solvents such as alcohol and ether.
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| triglycerides | (neutral fats) commonly known as fats when solid or oils when liquid. Large molecules consisting of 100s of atoms.
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| fatty acids | linear chains of carbon and hygrogen atoms(hydrocarbon chains) with an organic acid group at one end.
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| glycerol | is a modified simple sugar(sugar alcohol).
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| saturated | fatty acid chain with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
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| unsaturated | (monounsaturated or polyunsaturated) fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
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| phospholipids | Diglycerides with a phosphorous- containing group and two, rather than three, fatty acid chains.
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| Protein | the basic structural material of the body, 10-30% of cell mass.
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| eicosanoids | diverse lipids chiefly derived from a 20- carbon fatty acid found in all cell membranes.
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| amino acids | these molecules are the building blocks of proteins.
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| peptide bond | bond joining the amine group of one amino acid to the acid carboxyl group of a second amino acid with the loss of a water molecule.
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| macromolecules | Large complex molecules containing from 100 to over 10,000 subunits.
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| fibrous proteins | (structural proteins) are extended and strand-like. most have tertiary or quaternary structure. stable
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| golbular proteins | (functional proteins) are compact spherical proteins that have at least tertiary structure. Water soluble, chemically active molecules.
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| denatured | A protein unfolds and looses its specific 3-dimentional shape because the hydrogen bond breaks from pH dropping or temp rising above normal.
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| enzymes | globular proteins that act as biological catalysts.
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| active site | the part of the enzyme where catalytic activity occurs.
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| substrate | the substance on which an enzyme acts.
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| apoenzyme | the protein portion of a functional enzyme.
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| primary structure | the linear sequence of amino acids composing the polypeptide chain.
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| nucleic acids | composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and is the largest molecule in the body.
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| nucleotides | the structural units of nucleic acids.
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| adenosine triphosphate | (ATP) the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells and it provides a form of energy that is immediately usable by all body cells.
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Created by:
chasi
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