Ch 9: Growth and Metabolism
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Acidophile | a microorganism that grows at acidic pHs below 4
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| Active site | the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds
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| Adenosine triphosphate | a molecule in cells that provides most of the energy for metabolism
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| Aerobe | an organism that uses oxygen gas for metabolism
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| Aerobic respiration | a set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into cellular energy in the form of ATP.
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| Anabolism | an energy-requiring process involving the synthesis of larger organic compounds from smaller ones
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| Anaerobe | an organism that does not require or cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism
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| Anaerobic respiration | the production of ATP where the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen gas
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| ATP synthase | the enzyme involved in forming ATP during electron transport
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| Barophile | a microorganism that lives under conditions of high atmospheric pressure
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| Catabolism | an energy liberating process in which larger organic compounds are broken down into smaller ones
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| Cellular respiration | the process of converting chemical energy into cellular energy in the form of ATP
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| Citric acid cycle | a metabolic pathway essential for ATP production during cellular respiration
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| Coenzyme | a small, organic molecule that forms the nonprotein part of an enzyme molecule
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| Cytochrome | a compound containing protein and iron that plays a role as an electron carrier in cellular respiration and photosynthesis
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| Electron transport | a series of proteins that transfer electrons in cellular respiration to generate ATP
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| Enzyme | a reusable protein molecule that brings about a chemical change while itself remaining unchanged
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| Extreme acidophile | an archaeal organism living at an extremely acidic pH
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| Extremophile | a microorganism that lives in extreme environments
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| Facultative | referring to an organism that grows in the presence or absence of oxygen
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| Fermentation | a metabolic process that converts sugar to acid, gases and/or alcohol
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| Glycolysis | a metabolic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate with a net gain of two ATP molecules
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| Halophile | an organism that lives in environments with high concentration of salt
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| Hyperthermophile | a prokaryote that has an optimal growth temperature above 80 degrees C
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| Mesophile | an organism that grows in the temperature ranges of 20-40 degrees C
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| Metabolism | the sum of all biochemical processes taking place in a living cell
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| Photosynthesis | a biochemical process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy
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| Product | a substance or substances produced in a chemical reaction
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| Psychrophile | an organism that lives at cold temperature ranges of 0-20 degrees C
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| Psychrotroph | an organism that lives at cold temperature ranges of 0-30 degrees C
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| Substrate | the substance or substances upon which an enzyme acts
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| Thermophile | an organism that lives at high temperature ranges of 40-90 degrees C
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