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Growth and Metabolis
Ch 9: Growth and Metabolism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acidophile | a microorganism that grows at acidic pHs below 4 |
| Active site | the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds |
| Adenosine triphosphate | a molecule in cells that provides most of the energy for metabolism |
| Aerobe | an organism that uses oxygen gas for metabolism |
| Aerobic respiration | a set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into cellular energy in the form of ATP. |
| Anabolism | an energy-requiring process involving the synthesis of larger organic compounds from smaller ones |
| Anaerobe | an organism that does not require or cannot use oxygen gas for metabolism |
| Anaerobic respiration | the production of ATP where the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen gas |
| ATP synthase | the enzyme involved in forming ATP during electron transport |
| Barophile | a microorganism that lives under conditions of high atmospheric pressure |
| Catabolism | an energy liberating process in which larger organic compounds are broken down into smaller ones |
| Cellular respiration | the process of converting chemical energy into cellular energy in the form of ATP |
| Citric acid cycle | a metabolic pathway essential for ATP production during cellular respiration |
| Coenzyme | a small, organic molecule that forms the nonprotein part of an enzyme molecule |
| Cytochrome | a compound containing protein and iron that plays a role as an electron carrier in cellular respiration and photosynthesis |
| Electron transport | a series of proteins that transfer electrons in cellular respiration to generate ATP |
| Enzyme | a reusable protein molecule that brings about a chemical change while itself remaining unchanged |
| Extreme acidophile | an archaeal organism living at an extremely acidic pH |
| Extremophile | a microorganism that lives in extreme environments |
| Facultative | referring to an organism that grows in the presence or absence of oxygen |
| Fermentation | a metabolic process that converts sugar to acid, gases and/or alcohol |
| Glycolysis | a metabolic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate with a net gain of two ATP molecules |
| Halophile | an organism that lives in environments with high concentration of salt |
| Hyperthermophile | a prokaryote that has an optimal growth temperature above 80 degrees C |
| Mesophile | an organism that grows in the temperature ranges of 20-40 degrees C |
| Metabolism | the sum of all biochemical processes taking place in a living cell |
| Photosynthesis | a biochemical process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy |
| Product | a substance or substances produced in a chemical reaction |
| Psychrophile | an organism that lives at cold temperature ranges of 0-20 degrees C |
| Psychrotroph | an organism that lives at cold temperature ranges of 0-30 degrees C |
| Substrate | the substance or substances upon which an enzyme acts |
| Thermophile | an organism that lives at high temperature ranges of 40-90 degrees C |
Created by:
drmicro
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