chapter 2-bio vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
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| element | a substance that cannot be separated, or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number
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| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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| ion | an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or two electrons and has a negative positive charge
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| ionic bond | the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
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| covalent bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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| molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest form of matter that cam exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties
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| hydrogen bond | the inter molecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecle is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule
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| cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together
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| adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other
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| solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed
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| solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves
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| solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent
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| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts
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| base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
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| pH | measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution
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| monomer | molecular subunit of a polymer
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| polymer | a large molecule that is formed by more than 5 monomers, or samll units
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| carbohydrate | a class of molecules that include sugar, starches, and fibers; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| lipid | a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids
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| fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid
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| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component in all cells
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| amino acid | a compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxylic group and an amino group and that combine to form proteins
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| nucleic acid | an organic compound named either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotide and contain genetic information
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| chemical reaction | process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
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| reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
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| product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
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| bond energy | amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; of the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms
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| equilibrium | in biology, the state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout the space
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| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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| exothermic | a chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat
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| endothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy
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| catalyse | substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction
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| enzyme | a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
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| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part , substance, or element; the reactant in reactions that catalyst by enzymes
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