Biology Chapter 2 Vocabulary
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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atom | smallest basic unit of matter
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element | substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means
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compound | substance made of atoms of different elements that are bound together in a particular ratio
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ion | atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
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ionic bond | chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
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covalent bond | chemical bound formed when two atoms share one or more pairs if electrons
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molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound
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hydrogen bond | attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
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cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance
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adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances
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solution | mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture
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solvent | substance in which solutes dissolved and that is present in greeters concentrations in a solution
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solute | substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent
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acid | compound that donates proteins (H+) when dissolved in a solution
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base | compound that accepts a protein (H+) when dissolved in solution
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pH | measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution
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monomer | molecular subunit of a polymer
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polymer | large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers
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carbohydrate | molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; includes sugars and starches
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lipid | nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; includes fats and oils
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fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain often bounded to glycerol in a lipid
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protein | polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids
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amino acid | molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
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nucleic acid | polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms
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chemical reaction | process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking down and forming of chemical bonds
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reactant | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction
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product | substance formed by a chemical reaction
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bond energy | amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms
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equilibrium | condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are forms at the same rate
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activation energy | energy that imputes necessary to imitate a chemical reaction
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exothermic | chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat
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endothermic | chemical reaction that produces its own heat through metabolic processes
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catalyst | substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction
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enzyme | protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms
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substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts
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