Chapter 2 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| atom | the smallest basic unit of matter
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| element | one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
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| compound | a substance made of atoms of different elements bounded together in a certain ratio
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| ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
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| iconic bond | a bond that forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
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| covalent bond | a bond that forms when atoms share a pair of electrons
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| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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| hydrogen bond | an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, often oxygen or nitrogen
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| cohesion | the attraction among molecules of a substance
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| adhesion | the attraction among molecules of different substances
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| solution | a mixture of substances that is the same throughout - it is a homogeneous mixture
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| solvent | the substance that dissolves another substance
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| solute | a substance that dissolves in a solvent
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| acid | a compound that releases a proton - a hydrogen ion(H+) - when it dissolves in water
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| bases | compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution
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| pH | the scale that measures a solution's acidity, or concentration
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| monomer | each subunit in the complete molecule
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| polymer | a large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together
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| carbohydrates | molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches
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| lipids | nonpolar molecules that indlude fats, oils, and cholestrol
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| fatty acids | chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
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| protein | a polymer made of monomers called amino acids
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| amino acids | molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
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| nucleic acids | polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
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| chemical reactions | reactions that change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
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| reactants | the substances changed during a chemical reaction
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| products | the substances made by a chemical reaction
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| bond energy | the amount of energy that will break bonds in molecules of oxygen and glucose
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| equilibrium | what is reached when both the reactants are made at the same rate
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| activation energy | the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
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| exothermic | term used to describe a chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs
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| endothermic | term used to describe a chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases
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| catalyst | a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increases the the rate of the chemical reaction
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| enzymes | catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
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| substrates | the specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
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