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Advanced Biology 13

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Question
Answer
Genetics   The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.  
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Genes   A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA.  
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Gametes   A haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm.  
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Somatic Cell   Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.  
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Locus   A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.  
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Sexual Reproduction   A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes.  
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Homologous Chromosomes   A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci.  
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Diploid Cell   A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.  
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Haploid Cell   A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).  
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Meiosis   A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. Results in gametes.  
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Crossing Over   The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during phrophase I of meiosis.  
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Chromatid   One half of a duplicated chromosome.  
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Autosome   A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex.  
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Fertilization   The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.  
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Created by: Mr.Devine
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