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Advanced Biology 13
Question | Answer |
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Genetics | The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation. |
Genes | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. |
Gametes | A haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm. |
Somatic Cell | Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors. |
Locus | A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located. |
Sexual Reproduction | A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes. |
Homologous Chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. |
Diploid Cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent. |
Haploid Cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n). |
Meiosis | A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. Results in gametes. |
Crossing Over | The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during phrophase I of meiosis. |
Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome. |
Autosome | A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex. |
Fertilization | The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote. |