Multicellular Organisms - Cardiovascular and blood
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| State the three main components of blood. | plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.
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| What are the main substances that the blood transports? | oxygen, carbon dioxide & nutrients
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| What is the function of white blood cells? | To destroy pathogens
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| Which white blood cell engulfs pathogens through phagocytosis? | Phagocytes
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| What is the function of lymphocytes? | Produce specific antibodies which destroy pathogens
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| Why are antibodies specific? | They only bind to a particular pathogen
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| Which blood vessels carries blood into the heart at low pressure? | Veins
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| Which blood vessels carries blood away from the heart at high pressure? | Arteries
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| Which blood vessel is the site of gas and material exchange? | Capillaries
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| Describe the structure of arteries | Thick wall, thick muscular layer, narrow channel
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| Describe the structure of veins | thin wall, thin muscular layer, wide channel, valves
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| Describe the structure of capillaries? | Thin wall (1 cell), highly branched forming networks, large surface area
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| Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood? | Left
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| Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood? | Right
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| What are the two receiving chambers called? | Atria (atrium)
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| What are the two pumping chambers called? | Ventricles
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| What is the function of the left side of the heart? | Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
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| What is the function of the right side of the heart? | Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
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| Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body? | Vena Cava
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| Which blood vessel takes oxygenated blood into the heart from the lungs? | Pulmonary vein
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| Which blood vessel takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body? | Aorta
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| Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs? | Pulmonary artery
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| What is the function of the coronary artery? | Provides heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.
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| What happens when the coronary artery becomes blocked? | Oxygen cannot get to the heart causing a heart attack
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| Which blood vessel carries blood under high pressure? | Arteries
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| What is the function of valves? | prevent the backflow of blood
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| Which blood vessel carries blood under low pressure? | Veins
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| How many valves are within the heart? | Four
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| Which system are white blood cells apart of? | The immune system
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| What are pathogens? | Disease causing microbes (bacteria, virus, fungi)
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| What is phagocytosis? | The process of engulfing and digesting pathogens.
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| What is the function of red blood cells | To carry oxygen around the body.
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| What is the specialisation of red blood cells? | Biconcave in shape, no nucleus, contain haemoglobin
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| When oxygen combines with haemoglobin what does this form? | Oxyhaemoglobin
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| Where in the body is there a high concentration of oxyhaemoglobin? | Lungs
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| Where in the body is there a low concentration of oxyhaemoglobin? | Tissues
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| Which blood vessel contains valves? | Veins
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| Do veins carry blood at high or low pressure? | Low
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| Do arteries carry blood at high or low pressure? | High
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| What is the function of the Vena Cava? | Takes deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body
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| What is the function of the Pulmonary vein? | Takes oxygenated blood into the heart from the lungs
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| What is the function of the Aorta? | Takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
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| What is the function of the Pulmonary artery? | Takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs
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| Which blood vessel provides the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients? | Coronary artery
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| Suggest what would happen if a valve was damaged? | Blood could flow backwards.
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| Approximately 4 % of an adult’s body weight is made up of red blood cells, which is equivalent to 2kg. Calculate the total body weight of the adult. | 50kg (divide 4/2 and that will give you 1% which is 0.5kg. To get 100% which is the total body weight you x 0.5kg by 100)
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| pproximately 10% of an adult’s body weight is made up of the heart tissue, which is equivalent to 14kg. Calculate the total body weight of the adult. | 67kg (divide 10/14 and that will give you 1% which is 0.67kg. To get 100% which is the total body weight you x 0.67kg by 100)
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