68WM6 Ph.1 Mod 4 Terms. Acid/Base, Respiratory and Digestive System.
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| Alveolus | Microscopic air sac within the lung, where gas exchange takes place.
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| Apnea | Cessation of breathing after expiration.
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| Bronchial Tree | The bronchi and their branches that carry air from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs.
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| Bronchus | A primary branch of the trachea that leads to the lung.
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| Bronchioles | A small branch of a bronchus within the lung.
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| Cellular Respiration | The utilization of O2 by the cells to produce energy (ATP), CO2 and H20.
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| Cricoid Cartilage | Ring-shaped mass of cartilage at the base of the larynx.
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| Dyspnea | Difficult or labored breathing.
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| Eupnea | Normal (Quiet) breathing.
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| External Respiration | Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood.
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| Hyperventilation | Prolonged rapid and deep breathing.
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| Hypoxemia | Deficiency of O2 in arterial blood.
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| Hypoxia | Deficiency of O2 reaching the tissues and cells. Two types: Ischemic and Anemic
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| Anemic Hypoxia | Deficiency of O2 caused by diminished RBCs and Hemoglobin
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| Ischemic Hypoxia | Deficiency of O2 caused by diminished blood flow.
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| Internal Respiration | Exchange of gases between the blood and tissues/body cells.
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| Pulmonary Ventilation | Process of mechanically moving air into and out of the lungs.
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| Respiration | The entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells.
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| Respiratory Cycle | One inspiration followed by one expiration.
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| Surface Tension | The force that adheres moist membranes due to the attraction of water molecules.
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| Tachypnea | Increased breathing(frequency) but not necessarily an increase in tidal volume.
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| Upper Respiratory Tract | Includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx.
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| Lower Respiratory Tact | Includes the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs.
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| Assimilation | The utilization of nutrients by living tissue.
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| Absorption | The movement of nutrients into the circulatory system.
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| Bolus | A mass of food and saliva that is ready to be swallowed.
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| Chyme | A semi-fluid mixture of food and gastric juice.
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| Digestion | The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of the resulting nutrients by cells.
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| Defecation | The elimination of indigestible substances from the colon.
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| Ingestion | The taking in of food into the mouth.
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| Mechanical Digestion | The process of breaking food down into smaller pieces without altering the chemical composition.
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| Chemical Digestion | The process of breaking down food into simpler chemicals.
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| Alimentary Canal | Muscular tube that passes through the body's ventral canal. (Mouth to Anus)
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| Metabolic Alkalosis | Blood pH 7.45+ followed by an Increase in HCO3- and/or Increase in PaCO3
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| Metabolic Acidosis | Blood ph 7.35- followed by a Decrease in HCO3- and/or Decrease in PaCO3
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| Respiratory Alkalosis | Blood pH 7.45+ followed by a Decrease in PaCO3 and/or Decrease in HCO3-
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| Respiratory Acidosis | Blood pH 7.35- followed by an Increase in PaCO3 and/or Increase in HCO3-
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| Anchar Cells | Cells that produce the pancreatic juice.
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| 3 Salivary Glands | Parotid, Submandibular and Sublingual.
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| 3 Divisions of the Small Intestine | Duodenum, Jejunum and the Illeum.
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| The shortest and most fixed portion of the small intestine. | Duodenum
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| Proximal 2/5s of the free, mobile portion of the small intestine. | Jejunum
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| The remainder of the free, mobile portion of the small intestine. | Ileum
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| Vital Capacity | The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. (4600mL)
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| Inspiratory Capacity | The maximum volume of air a person can inhale following a resting expiration. (3500mL)
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| Tidal Volume | The volume of air that is inspired or expired during a normal respiratory cycle. (500mL)
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| Inspiratory Reserve Volume | Constitutes the maximum air that can be inspired beyond normal tidal inspiration during forced inspiration. (3000mL)
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| Expiratory Reserve Volume | Constitutes the maximum amount of air that can be expired beyond normal tidal expiration during forced expiration. (1100mL)
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| Residual Volume | Constitues the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forced expiration. (1200mL)
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| Functional Residual Capacity | The volume of air that remains in the lungs following a resting expiration. (2300mL)
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| Acid | A solution that has a pH balance less than 7.0
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| Normal blood pH range. | 7.35 to 7.45
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| Base | A solution that has a pH balance greater than 7.0. A.K.A. Alkali
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| List of Electrolytes | Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO4^3-) and Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
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