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68WM6 Ph.1 Mod 4
68WM6 Ph.1 Mod 4 Terms. Acid/Base, Respiratory and Digestive System.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alveolus | Microscopic air sac within the lung, where gas exchange takes place. |
| Apnea | Cessation of breathing after expiration. |
| Bronchial Tree | The bronchi and their branches that carry air from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs. |
| Bronchus | A primary branch of the trachea that leads to the lung. |
| Bronchioles | A small branch of a bronchus within the lung. |
| Cellular Respiration | The utilization of O2 by the cells to produce energy (ATP), CO2 and H20. |
| Cricoid Cartilage | Ring-shaped mass of cartilage at the base of the larynx. |
| Dyspnea | Difficult or labored breathing. |
| Eupnea | Normal (Quiet) breathing. |
| External Respiration | Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood. |
| Hyperventilation | Prolonged rapid and deep breathing. |
| Hypoxemia | Deficiency of O2 in arterial blood. |
| Hypoxia | Deficiency of O2 reaching the tissues and cells. Two types: Ischemic and Anemic |
| Anemic Hypoxia | Deficiency of O2 caused by diminished RBCs and Hemoglobin |
| Ischemic Hypoxia | Deficiency of O2 caused by diminished blood flow. |
| Internal Respiration | Exchange of gases between the blood and tissues/body cells. |
| Pulmonary Ventilation | Process of mechanically moving air into and out of the lungs. |
| Respiration | The entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells. |
| Respiratory Cycle | One inspiration followed by one expiration. |
| Surface Tension | The force that adheres moist membranes due to the attraction of water molecules. |
| Tachypnea | Increased breathing(frequency) but not necessarily an increase in tidal volume. |
| Upper Respiratory Tract | Includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx. |
| Lower Respiratory Tact | Includes the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs. |
| Assimilation | The utilization of nutrients by living tissue. |
| Absorption | The movement of nutrients into the circulatory system. |
| Bolus | A mass of food and saliva that is ready to be swallowed. |
| Chyme | A semi-fluid mixture of food and gastric juice. |
| Digestion | The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of the resulting nutrients by cells. |
| Defecation | The elimination of indigestible substances from the colon. |
| Ingestion | The taking in of food into the mouth. |
| Mechanical Digestion | The process of breaking food down into smaller pieces without altering the chemical composition. |
| Chemical Digestion | The process of breaking down food into simpler chemicals. |
| Alimentary Canal | Muscular tube that passes through the body's ventral canal. (Mouth to Anus) |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | Blood pH 7.45+ followed by an Increase in HCO3- and/or Increase in PaCO3 |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Blood ph 7.35- followed by a Decrease in HCO3- and/or Decrease in PaCO3 |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | Blood pH 7.45+ followed by a Decrease in PaCO3 and/or Decrease in HCO3- |
| Respiratory Acidosis | Blood pH 7.35- followed by an Increase in PaCO3 and/or Increase in HCO3- |
| Anchar Cells | Cells that produce the pancreatic juice. |
| 3 Salivary Glands | Parotid, Submandibular and Sublingual. |
| 3 Divisions of the Small Intestine | Duodenum, Jejunum and the Illeum. |
| The shortest and most fixed portion of the small intestine. | Duodenum |
| Proximal 2/5s of the free, mobile portion of the small intestine. | Jejunum |
| The remainder of the free, mobile portion of the small intestine. | Ileum |
| Vital Capacity | The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible. (4600mL) |
| Inspiratory Capacity | The maximum volume of air a person can inhale following a resting expiration. (3500mL) |
| Tidal Volume | The volume of air that is inspired or expired during a normal respiratory cycle. (500mL) |
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume | Constitutes the maximum air that can be inspired beyond normal tidal inspiration during forced inspiration. (3000mL) |
| Expiratory Reserve Volume | Constitutes the maximum amount of air that can be expired beyond normal tidal expiration during forced expiration. (1100mL) |
| Residual Volume | Constitues the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forced expiration. (1200mL) |
| Functional Residual Capacity | The volume of air that remains in the lungs following a resting expiration. (2300mL) |
| Acid | A solution that has a pH balance less than 7.0 |
| Normal blood pH range. | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| Base | A solution that has a pH balance greater than 7.0. A.K.A. Alkali |
| List of Electrolytes | Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO4^3-) and Bicarbonate (HCO3-) |
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