cava bio 204 s1.d29 2.18 Nucleic Acids
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| all living things contain organic macromolecules called [-s], which provide all of the instructions for an organism's growth and development | all living things contain organic macromolecules called nucleic acids, which provide all of the instructions for an organism's growth and development
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| [...] contains an organism's genetic information, which is passed from generation to generation, while RNA uses the instructions provided in [...] to build proteins. | DNA contains an organism's genetic information, which is passed from generation to generation, while RNA uses the instructions provided in DNA to build proteins.
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| DNA contains an organism's genetic information, which is passed from generation to generation, while [...] uses the instructions provided in DNA to build proteins. | DNA contains an organism's genetic information, which is passed from generation to generation, while RNA uses the instructions provided in DNA to build proteins.
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| DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder or double [...]. | DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder or double helix.
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| In 1953, after years of research, American scientist James [...] and English scientist Francis Crick were able to determine that DNA was arranged in a shape called a double helix | In 1953, after years of research, American scientist James Watson and English scientist Francis Crick were able to determine that DNA was arranged in a shape called a double helix
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| In 1953, after years of research, American scientist James Watson and English scientist Francis [...] were able to determine that DNA was arranged in a shape called a double helix | In 1953, after years of research, American scientist James Watson and English scientist Francis Crick were able to determine that DNA was arranged in a shape called a double helix
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| Nucleic acids are made of smaller units called [-s] | Nucleic acids are made of smaller units called nucleotides
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| A nucleotide is a small molecule made of five-carbon [-s], a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. | A nucleotide is a small molecule made of five-carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
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| A nucleotide is a small molecule made of five-carbon sugars, a [-ate] group, and a nitrogenous base. | A nucleotide is a small molecule made of five-carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
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| A nucleotide is a small molecule made of five-carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a [-ous] base. | A nucleotide is a small molecule made of five-carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
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| [...] = having nitrogen in it. | Nitrogenous = having nitrogen in it.
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| RNA contains the sugar [...], while DNA contains the sugar deoxy[...] (de-, un + oxy-, oxygen = having less oxygen). | RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose (de-, un + oxy-, oxygen = having less oxygen).
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| RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the sugar [...] (de-, un + oxy-, oxygen = having less oxygen). | RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose (de-, un + oxy-, oxygen = having less oxygen).
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| Deoxyribose (un-oxygened ribose) is like ribose with an [...] atom taken away. | Deoxyribose (un-oxygened ribose) is like ribose with an oxygen atom taken away.
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| DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: 1. [-ine] 2. Thymine 3. Cytosine 4. Guanine | DNA contains four nitrogenous bases:
1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
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| DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: 1. Adenine 2. [-ine] 3. Cytosine 4. Guanine | DNA contains four nitrogenous bases:
1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
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| DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: 1. Adenine 2. Thymine 3. [-ine] 4. Guanine | DNA contains four nitrogenous bases:
1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
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| DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: 1. Adenine 2. Thymine 3. Cytosine 4. [...] | DNA contains four nitrogenous bases:
1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
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| Adenine and Guanine are *[-ines]*. | Adenine and Guanine are *purines*. (Remember that you want A *pure* bowl of Guacamole)
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| Thymine and Cytosine are *[-ines]. | Thymine and Cytosine are *pyrimidines*. (Remember that The Cheese is hidden in the pyramid)
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| Pyrimidines have only one [...], just as a pyramid has only one base... purines have two [-s] because a two-ring circus is just pure fun! | Pyrimidines have only one ring, just as a pyramid has only one base... purines have two rings because a two-ring circus is just pure fun!
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| It's easy to get thymine and thiamine mixed up. Thiamine is vitamin B1; not one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA. Remember that thiAmine is [... ...], while thymine has no A in it; not [... ...]. | It's easy to get thymine and thiamine mixed up. Thiamine is vitamin B1; not one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA. Remember that thiAmine is A vitamin, while thymine has no A in it; not A vitamin.
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| You'll notice in the base pairs of DNA that a [p-] is always paired with a [p-]. | You'll notice in the base pairs of DNA that a pyrimidine is always paired with a purine.
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| Here's how you can remember the base pairs in DNA: They serve delicious DNA [...] | Here's how you can remember the base pairs in DNA: They serve delicious DNA At The Golden Corral (A+T and G+C) (Golden Corral is a buffet-style restaurant)
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| Unlike DNA, RNA is [...]-stranded. | Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded.
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| In RNA, thymine is replaced by [...]... a very similar nitrogenous base. I don't think anyone knows why this should be... just a quirk of nature I guess. | In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil... a very similar nitrogenous base. I don't think anyone knows why this should be... just a quirk of nature I guess.
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| Here's the trick to remembering the base pairs in RNA: [...] | Here's the trick to remembering the base pairs in RNA: AUstralia is a Great Country ( A+U and G+C; adenine+uracil and guanine+cytosine)
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| [-NA] is like the master plan for some project. You keep it safe somewhere and only take it out to make copies. [-NA] is the blueprints; cheap temporary copies of part of the master plan that you give to the construction guys. | DNA is like the master plan for some project. You keep it safe somewhere and only take it out to make copies. RNA is the blueprints; cheap temporary copies of part of the master plan that you give to the construction guys.
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| [-prints] were cheap quick copies of technical drawings for buildings, ships, etc. They were basically the first xerox copies, but the process gave them a blue background (hence the name). | Blueprints were cheap quick copies of technical drawings for buildings, ships, etc. They were basically the first xerox copies, but the process gave them a blue background (hence the name).
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| RNA isn't just used as a temporary copy of the DNA code, some strands of RNA act like little construction workers to assemble [...]. | RNA isn't just used as a temporary copy of the DNA code, some strands of RNA act like little construction workers to assemble proteins.
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| All RNA is just RNA, but there are three main jobs that RNA does and biologists use three names for RNA depending on which job it's doing: 1. mRNA = [...] RNA 2. rRNA = ribosomal RNA 3. tRNA = transfer RNA | All RNA is just RNA, but there are three main jobs that RNA does and biologists use three names for RNA depending on which job it's doing:
1. mRNA = messenger RNA
2. rRNA = ribosomal RNA
3. tRNA = transfer RNA
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| All RNA is just RNA, but there are three main jobs that RNA does and biologists use three names for RNA depending on which job it's doing: 1. mRNA = messenger RNA 2. rRNA = [...] RNA 3. tRNA = transfer RNA | All RNA is just RNA, but there are three main jobs that RNA does and biologists use three names for RNA depending on which job it's doing:
1. mRNA = messenger RNA
2. rRNA = ribosomal RNA
3. tRNA = transfer RNA
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| All RNA is just RNA, but there are three main jobs that RNA does and biologists use three names for RNA depending on which job it's doing: 1. mRNA = messenger RNA 2. rRNA = ribosomal RNA 3. tRNA = [...] RNA | All RNA is just RNA, but there are three main jobs that RNA does and biologists use three names for RNA depending on which job it's doing:
1. mRNA = messenger RNA
2. rRNA = ribosomal RNA
3. tRNA = transfer RNA
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| [-tion] = (tran-, accross) + (scribe, to write) = copying words, code, etc. onto another medium e.g. spoken words to written words (but not into another language, that's translation) | Transcription = (tran-, accross) + (scribe, to write) = copying words, code, etc. onto another medium e.g. spoken words to written words (but not into another language, that's translation)
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| mRNA, messenger RNA, just functions as the [...] for building proteins. | mRNA, messenger RNA, just functions as the blueprint for building proteins.
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| rRNA, ribosomal RNA, forms a molecular machine called a [...] that reads the code from messenger RNA and assembles the proteins they code for (remember how I told you that RNA is like a blueprint that can also do the construction) | rRNA, ribosomal RNA, forms a molecular machine called a ribosome that reads the code from messenger RNA and assembles the proteins they code for (remember how I told you that RNA is like a blueprint that can also do the construction)
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| tRNA, transfer RNA, carries [-s] to the ribosomes so they can be used to build proteins (again, RNA is like a blueprint that can also do some of the construction itself). | tRNA, transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosomes so they can be used to build proteins (again, RNA is like a blueprint that can also do some of the construction itself).
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