Nursing-Quiz 3
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| Describe the relationship of the mediastinum (space that contains the heart, esophagus) to the diaphragm: | Superior
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| The umblical cord is located: | inferior to the diaphragm
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| Which of the following terms best describes when the blood vessels dilate and the person sweats in order to decrease the body temp? | Homoeostasis.
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| Which of the following is true of these terms: sternal, umblical, patellar and antecubital? | All can be viewed from the anterior body
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| The ionisation of salt (NaCl) | produces a cation (Na+) and a anion (CI+)
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| Which of the following is true iodine and radioactive iodine? | Both have the same atomic numbers
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| Which of the following is not true of of Na+: | it is measured by pH
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| Which of the following has donated an elctron? | Na+
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| Which of the following is least descriptive of the nucleus of the atom? | Home of the electrons
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| Which of the following is descriptive of the patient with a blood pH of 7.28 | the patient is acidotic
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| The selectively permeable membrane: | determines which substances enter and leave the cell
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| A vaginal yeast infection (Candida Albicans) is most apt to develop: | as a consequence to antibiotic therapy
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| The plasmodium: | causes malaria
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| Spores: | make a bacterium heat-resistant and hard to kill
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| Osseous tissue: | contains hard mineral containing intercellular matrix; contains osteocytes; and is a type of connective tissue
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| The intrecellular matrix of the connective tissue: | can be hard, liquid or gel-like consistency
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| What increases body temperature? | Shivering
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| The stratum germinativum: | gives rise to epidermal cells
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| Function of stratum germinativum: | mitosis
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| Secretion of endocrine glands: | lowers body temperature
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| Cyanosis occurs when: | the blood in the cutaneous blood vessel is unoxygenated
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| Which word pertains to all the following: apocrine; sudoriferous; eccrine and sebaceous: | Excocrine glands
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| Shivering thermogenesis: | increase body temperature
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| The epiphyseal disc is: | composed of cartilage and is involved in the growth of long bones
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| To determine the approx length of the humerus, you would measure from the : | acromion to olecranon process
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| Identify the movement of the elbow that describes the angle at the humeroulnar joint: | flexion
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| What is foramen magnum? | It is a large hole through which the brain exits the cranium
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| What is carpel tunnel? | Most of the tendons of the muscles that supply the hand pass through a narrow tunnel created by transversly oriented carpel ligaments and the carpal (wrist bones)
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| How many muscles move the wrist, hand, and fingers? | 20 muscles
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| When the electrical signal travels through the T tubule and stimulates the sacroplasmic reticulum (SER): | calcium is released, causing cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin
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| What does not happen within a neuro-muscular joint: | actin – myosin slide
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| When skeletal muscle is stimulated quickly and repeatedly: | the muscle tetanizes and the force of contraction increases
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| What must occur to achieve flexion: | the biceps branchii and brachialis contract
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| What is true about hamstrings? | Is the prime mover for flexion of the leg
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| Describe the masseter and the temporalis muscle? | Insert on the mandible; used for mastication; innervated by somatic motor neurons
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| The precentral gyrus is : | the primary motor cortex
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| The hypothalamus: | is part of the diencephalon; synthesises antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin; controls pituitary glands activity
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| Activation of the emetic center or CTZ: | induces vomiting
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| Depolarization and repolarisation: | are phases of the action potential
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| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): | circulates within the subarachnoid space
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| The postcentral gyrus: | is located in the parietal lobe
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| Describe the medulla oblongatta? | Is a brain stem structure; called the vital centre; sensitive to the effect of narcotics
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| The trigeminla nerve: | is CN V; has both sensory and motor fibers; effects chewing
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| Describe spinothalamic tract? | It carries sensory information regarding touch, pressure and pain
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| Describe the corticospinal tract? | Descending tract; major motor tract; pyramidal tract
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| What is the final step in the reflex arc? | Response of the effector organ(s)
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| Damage to phrenic nerves: | impairs breathing
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| CN IX, CN X and the baroreceptor reflex are concerned with the regulation of : | blood pressure
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| Which of the foll. cranial nerves is not classified as sensory: olfactory; CN II; vestibulocochlear: vagus | Vagus
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| Describe the sympathetic nervous system? | Includes the paravertebral ganglia; aka fight-or-flight response; uses craniosacral outflow
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| Describe the parasympathetic nervous system? | Mediates feed-and-breed activities
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| What is the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? | Destroys norepinephrine
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| Activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors? | Dilates the breathing passages
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| Activation of the muscarinic receptors? | Slows the heart rate
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| Blockade of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors is the basis for what group of drugs? | Antihypertensive drugs
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| Pupillary dilation, an increase in heart rate, and an inability to urinate are the effects of: | muscarinic blockade
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| A vagolytic drug excerts the same effect as: | an antimuscarinic agent
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| A drug or effect that is described as mydriatic? | Dilates the pupil
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| The organ of corti? | Is the receptor for hearing
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| Touch, pressure, pain and temperature are classified as: | general sensors
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| Cranial nerves III, IV, VI: | innervate the extrinsic eye muscles
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| Which of the following is NOT a sense: gustation; lacrimation; olfaction; proprioception | Lacrimation
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| Adrenal cortex secretes 3 steroids: | Glucocorticoids – Sugar / Mineralcorticoids – Salt / Sex hormones – Sex
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| Insulin: | lowers blood sugar and is secreted from the pancreas.
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| Glucagon | Secreted from the pancreas and passes through the liver to increas the blood sugar levels
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| Cortisol: | is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH
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| Aldosterone is: | is a mineralcorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex
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| The pancreas: | secretes both insulin and glucagon
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| As plasma levels of calcium decreases: | PTH is secreted , thereby stimulating osteoclastic activity
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| Hypocalcemic tetany is: | a consequence of a deficiency of PTH.
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| Hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and ketoacidosis are characteristics of a deficiency of: | Insulin
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| Which of the following is NOT a steroid: Adrenal cortical hormones; ACTH, Estrogen; Androgens | ACTH
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| Is not a salt retaining hormone: | ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
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| The neutrophil: | is a granulocytic phagocyte
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| Thrombin: | Activates fibrinogen
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| Erythropoietin: | is synthesised by the kidneys; stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs; is released by kindney in response to hypoxemia
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| What causes jaundice? | Hemolysis
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| Hyperbilubinemia: | can be caused by hemolysis; causes jaundice; can cause kernicterus
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| Which of the following is least related to heme: O2; Phagocytosis; RBC; Iron | Phagocytosis
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| Electrical conduction system: | in normal synus rhythm, the electrical signal arises from within the SA Node
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| Pacemaker cells fire a faster rate in the: | SA Node
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| The coronary arteries: | exit the aorta at the point immediately distal to the aortic semilunar valve
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| The chordae tendineae are necessary for the proper functioning of the: | Mitral valve
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| What happens during ventricular diastole? | Blood fills the ventricles
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| Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscles, thereby: | increasing stroke volume
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| Ventricular sytole refers to: | contraction of ventricular myocardium
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| The common carotid: | supplies oxygenated blood to the brain
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| Umblical vein delivers oxygenated blood to the fetus: true or false | True
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| The portal vein; hepatic vein; and celiac trunk are most associated with the: | liver
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| The supoerior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein: | merge to form the portal vein
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| Both the branchiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery: | arise from the arch of the aorta
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| The ability of the arterioles to contract and relax allows them to: | function as resistance vessels
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| What are the consequences of sympathetic nerve stimulation: | increased cardiac output; peripheral vasoconstriction; elevation of blood pressure
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| A sudden decrease in BP in most likely to cause: | reflex tachycardia
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| What happens when an increase in systemic vascular resistance happens: | increase in BP
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| In which blood vessel is the blood flow the slowest: | capillaries
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| What lowers plasma oncotic pressure? | Hypoalbuminemia
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| The skeletal muscle pump: | enhances venous return of blood to the right heart
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| What causes edema (swelling)? | Accumulation of albumin in the interstitium (tissue space)
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| The spleen: | removes worn out RBCs and phalets from the circulation
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| The pharyngeal tonsils are called: | adenoids
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| The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct deliver: | lymph to the subclavian arteries
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| The term MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue): | refers to lymphoid tissue in the mucosal membrane of many organs
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| Pharnyx forms part of both the: | digestive and respiratory system
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| Inhalation and exhilation are referred to as: | Ventilation
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| The diameter of the bronchioles determines the: | air flow to the alveoli
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| The esophagus: | is a hollow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach
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| Which of the following is NOT descrptive of bile: aids in fat digestion; is an emulsifying agent; is classified as a lipase; stored in the gall bladder | is classified as a lipase
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| What is emulsification? | A large fat globule that is mechanically broken into smaller fat globules
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| The pancreas: | secretes the most potent digestive enzymes
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| The duodenum is most concerned with: | digestion and absorption
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| What is trypsinogen? | They are inactive proteases
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| Gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and the secretin are : | gastrointestinal hormones
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| The filtration of 180 L/day of water: | occurs across the glomerular membrane
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| Which part of the nephron receives the golmerular ultrafiltrate first: | Bowman’s capsule
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| The active pumping of Na+ from the proximal convoluted tubule into the pertubular capilaries: | is responsible for the passive reabsorption of water
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| A drug that blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ causes: | diuresis (increased or excessive production of urine).
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| A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone: | may cause an increase in plasma K+
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| Oliguria: | develops in response to hypotension
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| Hyperkalemia: | refers to an elevated serum potassium level
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| What is the role of albumin in water balance? | Maintains plasma oncotic pressure (in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system)
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| A patient with a history of heart failure is admitted to the hospital in pulmonary edema (swelling). Over a 4 day period his breathing improved and he experienced a loss of 8 lb. Why is this so? | Diuresis (increased or excessive production of urine)
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| Imparied respiratory gas exchange and hypoventilation are most apt to cause: | respiratory acidosis
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| Kussmaul respirations (is a deep and labored breathing pattern)are the compensatory mechanism for : | metabolic acidosis
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| What happens when fatty acids are broken down rapidly and incompletely: | ketoacids are produces casusing metabolic acidosis
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| Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood serum) is most apt to: | cause tetany (a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium.)
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| An anxiety induced hyperventilation: | causes alkalosis
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| Tenting ( skin abnormality indicative of dehydration; the skin maintains a triangular or tentlike appearance when gently pinched) is: | due to volume depletion in the interstitial space
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| In the male the gonadotropins: | are aimed at the testis; includes LH and FSH; stimulate sperm development and the secretion of androgen
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| In the male the luteinizing hormone: | is also called ICSH and stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone
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| Estrogen and progesterone: | are secreted by the ovaries
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| The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: | is responsible for the uterine secretory phase
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| Menstruation occurs in response to: | diminished plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone
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| The graafian follicle: | is an ovarian structure
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| Trophoblasstic cells: | assist with implantation
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| The morula: | refers to the pre-embryonic cluster of cells
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| What is a placenta? | Site at which the baby-to-be breathes, is vascular, replaces grandular secretion of the corpus luteum
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| The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane that: | develops finger like projections that penetrate the uterine wall forming the placenta
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| The myometrium: | is responsive to oxytocin and oxytocic drugs
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| Which of the following happens first: zygote formation; fertilization; ovulation; early blastocyst | Ovulation
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| Prolactin and oxytocin: | target the mammary glands
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| Colostrum (is the first milk your breasts produce during pregnancy) is: | secreted by the mammary glands.
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| Bacteria are traditionally divided into the two groups namely: | Gram-positive and gram-negative, based on their Gram stain retention
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| What is dandruff? | The dead sloughed cells( stratum corneum) are called Dander. When Dander is clumped with oil secretion of the skull it is known as Dandruff.
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| Largest portion of the skin is... | Dermis
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| Alopecia | Hair loss
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| Description of nail | They are thin plates of stratified squamous epithelial cells that contain a very hard form of keratin.
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| What is pustule? | When blocked sebum become infected with staphylococci it is called a pimple or pustule
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| 2 types of sweat glands are: | Eccrine and appocrine.
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