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Nursing-Quiz 3
| Describe the relationship of the mediastinum (space that contains the heart, esophagus) to the diaphragm: | Superior |
| The umblical cord is located: | inferior to the diaphragm |
| Which of the following terms best describes when the blood vessels dilate and the person sweats in order to decrease the body temp? | Homoeostasis. |
| Which of the following is true of these terms: sternal, umblical, patellar and antecubital? | All can be viewed from the anterior body |
| The ionisation of salt (NaCl) | produces a cation (Na+) and a anion (CI+) |
| Which of the following is true iodine and radioactive iodine? | Both have the same atomic numbers |
| Which of the following is not true of of Na+: | it is measured by pH |
| Which of the following has donated an elctron? | Na+ |
| Which of the following is least descriptive of the nucleus of the atom? | Home of the electrons |
| Which of the following is descriptive of the patient with a blood pH of 7.28 | the patient is acidotic |
| The selectively permeable membrane: | determines which substances enter and leave the cell |
| A vaginal yeast infection (Candida Albicans) is most apt to develop: | as a consequence to antibiotic therapy |
| The plasmodium: | causes malaria |
| Spores: | make a bacterium heat-resistant and hard to kill |
| Osseous tissue: | contains hard mineral containing intercellular matrix; contains osteocytes; and is a type of connective tissue |
| The intrecellular matrix of the connective tissue: | can be hard, liquid or gel-like consistency |
| What increases body temperature? | Shivering |
| The stratum germinativum: | gives rise to epidermal cells |
| Function of stratum germinativum: | mitosis |
| Secretion of endocrine glands: | lowers body temperature |
| Cyanosis occurs when: | the blood in the cutaneous blood vessel is unoxygenated |
| Which word pertains to all the following: apocrine; sudoriferous; eccrine and sebaceous: | Excocrine glands |
| Shivering thermogenesis: | increase body temperature |
| The epiphyseal disc is: | composed of cartilage and is involved in the growth of long bones |
| To determine the approx length of the humerus, you would measure from the : | acromion to olecranon process |
| Identify the movement of the elbow that describes the angle at the humeroulnar joint: | flexion |
| What is foramen magnum? | It is a large hole through which the brain exits the cranium |
| What is carpel tunnel? | Most of the tendons of the muscles that supply the hand pass through a narrow tunnel created by transversly oriented carpel ligaments and the carpal (wrist bones) |
| How many muscles move the wrist, hand, and fingers? | 20 muscles |
| When the electrical signal travels through the T tubule and stimulates the sacroplasmic reticulum (SER): | calcium is released, causing cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin |
| What does not happen within a neuro-muscular joint: | actin – myosin slide |
| When skeletal muscle is stimulated quickly and repeatedly: | the muscle tetanizes and the force of contraction increases |
| What must occur to achieve flexion: | the biceps branchii and brachialis contract |
| What is true about hamstrings? | Is the prime mover for flexion of the leg |
| Describe the masseter and the temporalis muscle? | Insert on the mandible; used for mastication; innervated by somatic motor neurons |
| The precentral gyrus is : | the primary motor cortex |
| The hypothalamus: | is part of the diencephalon; synthesises antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin; controls pituitary glands activity |
| Activation of the emetic center or CTZ: | induces vomiting |
| Depolarization and repolarisation: | are phases of the action potential |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): | circulates within the subarachnoid space |
| The postcentral gyrus: | is located in the parietal lobe |
| Describe the medulla oblongatta? | Is a brain stem structure; called the vital centre; sensitive to the effect of narcotics |
| The trigeminla nerve: | is CN V; has both sensory and motor fibers; effects chewing |
| Describe spinothalamic tract? | It carries sensory information regarding touch, pressure and pain |
| Describe the corticospinal tract? | Descending tract; major motor tract; pyramidal tract |
| What is the final step in the reflex arc? | Response of the effector organ(s) |
| Damage to phrenic nerves: | impairs breathing |
| CN IX, CN X and the baroreceptor reflex are concerned with the regulation of : | blood pressure |
| Which of the foll. cranial nerves is not classified as sensory: olfactory; CN II; vestibulocochlear: vagus | Vagus |
| Describe the sympathetic nervous system? | Includes the paravertebral ganglia; aka fight-or-flight response; uses craniosacral outflow |
| Describe the parasympathetic nervous system? | Mediates feed-and-breed activities |
| What is the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? | Destroys norepinephrine |
| Activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors? | Dilates the breathing passages |
| Activation of the muscarinic receptors? | Slows the heart rate |
| Blockade of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors is the basis for what group of drugs? | Antihypertensive drugs |
| Pupillary dilation, an increase in heart rate, and an inability to urinate are the effects of: | muscarinic blockade |
| A vagolytic drug excerts the same effect as: | an antimuscarinic agent |
| A drug or effect that is described as mydriatic? | Dilates the pupil |
| The organ of corti? | Is the receptor for hearing |
| Touch, pressure, pain and temperature are classified as: | general sensors |
| Cranial nerves III, IV, VI: | innervate the extrinsic eye muscles |
| Which of the following is NOT a sense: gustation; lacrimation; olfaction; proprioception | Lacrimation |
| Adrenal cortex secretes 3 steroids: | Glucocorticoids – Sugar / Mineralcorticoids – Salt / Sex hormones – Sex |
| Insulin: | lowers blood sugar and is secreted from the pancreas. |
| Glucagon | Secreted from the pancreas and passes through the liver to increas the blood sugar levels |
| Cortisol: | is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH |
| Aldosterone is: | is a mineralcorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| The pancreas: | secretes both insulin and glucagon |
| As plasma levels of calcium decreases: | PTH is secreted , thereby stimulating osteoclastic activity |
| Hypocalcemic tetany is: | a consequence of a deficiency of PTH. |
| Hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and ketoacidosis are characteristics of a deficiency of: | Insulin |
| Which of the following is NOT a steroid: Adrenal cortical hormones; ACTH, Estrogen; Androgens | ACTH |
| Is not a salt retaining hormone: | ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) |
| The neutrophil: | is a granulocytic phagocyte |
| Thrombin: | Activates fibrinogen |
| Erythropoietin: | is synthesised by the kidneys; stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs; is released by kindney in response to hypoxemia |
| What causes jaundice? | Hemolysis |
| Hyperbilubinemia: | can be caused by hemolysis; causes jaundice; can cause kernicterus |
| Which of the following is least related to heme: O2; Phagocytosis; RBC; Iron | Phagocytosis |
| Electrical conduction system: | in normal synus rhythm, the electrical signal arises from within the SA Node |
| Pacemaker cells fire a faster rate in the: | SA Node |
| The coronary arteries: | exit the aorta at the point immediately distal to the aortic semilunar valve |
| The chordae tendineae are necessary for the proper functioning of the: | Mitral valve |
| What happens during ventricular diastole? | Blood fills the ventricles |
| Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscles, thereby: | increasing stroke volume |
| Ventricular sytole refers to: | contraction of ventricular myocardium |
| The common carotid: | supplies oxygenated blood to the brain |
| Umblical vein delivers oxygenated blood to the fetus: true or false | True |
| The portal vein; hepatic vein; and celiac trunk are most associated with the: | liver |
| The supoerior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein: | merge to form the portal vein |
| Both the branchiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery: | arise from the arch of the aorta |
| The ability of the arterioles to contract and relax allows them to: | function as resistance vessels |
| What are the consequences of sympathetic nerve stimulation: | increased cardiac output; peripheral vasoconstriction; elevation of blood pressure |
| A sudden decrease in BP in most likely to cause: | reflex tachycardia |
| What happens when an increase in systemic vascular resistance happens: | increase in BP |
| In which blood vessel is the blood flow the slowest: | capillaries |
| What lowers plasma oncotic pressure? | Hypoalbuminemia |
| The skeletal muscle pump: | enhances venous return of blood to the right heart |
| What causes edema (swelling)? | Accumulation of albumin in the interstitium (tissue space) |
| The spleen: | removes worn out RBCs and phalets from the circulation |
| The pharyngeal tonsils are called: | adenoids |
| The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct deliver: | lymph to the subclavian arteries |
| The term MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue): | refers to lymphoid tissue in the mucosal membrane of many organs |
| Pharnyx forms part of both the: | digestive and respiratory system |
| Inhalation and exhilation are referred to as: | Ventilation |
| The diameter of the bronchioles determines the: | air flow to the alveoli |
| The esophagus: | is a hollow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| Which of the following is NOT descrptive of bile: aids in fat digestion; is an emulsifying agent; is classified as a lipase; stored in the gall bladder | is classified as a lipase |
| What is emulsification? | A large fat globule that is mechanically broken into smaller fat globules |
| The pancreas: | secretes the most potent digestive enzymes |
| The duodenum is most concerned with: | digestion and absorption |
| What is trypsinogen? | They are inactive proteases |
| Gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and the secretin are : | gastrointestinal hormones |
| The filtration of 180 L/day of water: | occurs across the glomerular membrane |
| Which part of the nephron receives the golmerular ultrafiltrate first: | Bowman’s capsule |
| The active pumping of Na+ from the proximal convoluted tubule into the pertubular capilaries: | is responsible for the passive reabsorption of water |
| A drug that blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+ causes: | diuresis (increased or excessive production of urine). |
| A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone: | may cause an increase in plasma K+ |
| Oliguria: | develops in response to hypotension |
| Hyperkalemia: | refers to an elevated serum potassium level |
| What is the role of albumin in water balance? | Maintains plasma oncotic pressure (in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system) |
| A patient with a history of heart failure is admitted to the hospital in pulmonary edema (swelling). Over a 4 day period his breathing improved and he experienced a loss of 8 lb. Why is this so? | Diuresis (increased or excessive production of urine) |
| Imparied respiratory gas exchange and hypoventilation are most apt to cause: | respiratory acidosis |
| Kussmaul respirations (is a deep and labored breathing pattern)are the compensatory mechanism for : | metabolic acidosis |
| What happens when fatty acids are broken down rapidly and incompletely: | ketoacids are produces casusing metabolic acidosis |
| Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood serum) is most apt to: | cause tetany (a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium.) |
| An anxiety induced hyperventilation: | causes alkalosis |
| Tenting ( skin abnormality indicative of dehydration; the skin maintains a triangular or tentlike appearance when gently pinched) is: | due to volume depletion in the interstitial space |
| In the male the gonadotropins: | are aimed at the testis; includes LH and FSH; stimulate sperm development and the secretion of androgen |
| In the male the luteinizing hormone: | is also called ICSH and stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone |
| Estrogen and progesterone: | are secreted by the ovaries |
| The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: | is responsible for the uterine secretory phase |
| Menstruation occurs in response to: | diminished plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone |
| The graafian follicle: | is an ovarian structure |
| Trophoblasstic cells: | assist with implantation |
| The morula: | refers to the pre-embryonic cluster of cells |
| What is a placenta? | Site at which the baby-to-be breathes, is vascular, replaces grandular secretion of the corpus luteum |
| The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane that: | develops finger like projections that penetrate the uterine wall forming the placenta |
| The myometrium: | is responsive to oxytocin and oxytocic drugs |
| Which of the following happens first: zygote formation; fertilization; ovulation; early blastocyst | Ovulation |
| Prolactin and oxytocin: | target the mammary glands |
| Colostrum (is the first milk your breasts produce during pregnancy) is: | secreted by the mammary glands. |
| Bacteria are traditionally divided into the two groups namely: | Gram-positive and gram-negative, based on their Gram stain retention |
| What is dandruff? | The dead sloughed cells( stratum corneum) are called Dander. When Dander is clumped with oil secretion of the skull it is known as Dandruff. |
| Largest portion of the skin is... | Dermis |
| Alopecia | Hair loss |
| Description of nail | They are thin plates of stratified squamous epithelial cells that contain a very hard form of keratin. |
| What is pustule? | When blocked sebum become infected with staphylococci it is called a pimple or pustule |
| 2 types of sweat glands are: | Eccrine and appocrine. |
Created by:
Abraham321
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