nutrition
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| nutrition | how organisms obtain and use food
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| metabolism | sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism, catagories - anabolism, catabolism
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| continuity of life | way in which organisms arise from other organisms of the same type
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| 6 constituents of food | carbohydrates, vitamins, lipids, proteins, minerals, water
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| carbohydrates | biomolecule, Cx(H2 O)y
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| biomolecules | organic chemicals produced and found only in living organisms, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins
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| monosaccharides | simplest type of carbohydrate 'one sugar unit', C6 H12 O6, sweet taste, soluble in water, energy source
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| disaccharides | 2 monosaccharides covalently combined C12 H22 O11, sweet taste, soluble in water, energy source
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| 6 common elements present in living organisms | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
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| 5 elements present in living organisms as dissolved salts | sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, calcium
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| trace elements | only needed by organisms in very small amounts, iron, copper, zinc
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| reducing sugar | any sugar that has ability to add electrons to another atom/molecule
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| Benedict's reagent | blue->orange/brick red when heated in presence of reducing sugar
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| polysaccharides | long chains of monosaccharides (usual glucose) covalently combined (C6 H10 O5)n
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| lipids | fats and oils, made from carbon, hydrogen, (oxygen)
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| triglycerides | lipids made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids, storing energy, protect organs
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| phospholipids | lipids made from 1 glycerol 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate molecule, double layer cell membrane, transfer signals into cell
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| test for fat | brown paper turns translucent when absorbs fat molecules
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| protein | CHON+(sulfur, phosphorus) combine to form amino acids, fibrous globular
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| amino acids | chon + sulfur, phosphorus, make up proteins, sequence determines type of protein, bonded by peptide bonds
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| fibrous protein | long, straight chains of amino acids, very little folding, stuctural functions collagen, skeletal muscle, keratin
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| globular protein | long chains amino acids, lots of folding, metabolic functions, haemoglobin, enzymes, antibodies, hormones
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| test for protein (biuret test) | copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide will turn purple in presence of peptide bond
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| vitamin | needed is small amounts cause cant make it, made in plants, passed along food chain,lack of vitamins causes deficiencys, CHO, but ebery composition different
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| fat soluble v | found only in food that contains fat
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| water soluble v | found in wide variety of foods
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| fat soluble vitamin | vitamin A (retinol), night blindness, formation of rhodopsin (pigment in eye), cod liver oil, butter, margerine
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| water soluble vitamin | vitamin c (ascorbic acid), scurvy, formation of collagen, citrus fruits
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| dietary minerals | metallic elements required on daily basis
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| plants dietary minerals | calcium - formation of middle lamella ( cement that holds plant cell walls together)
magnesium - formation of chlorophyll (green pigment)
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| animal dietary minerals | calcium - formation of bones and teeth
iron - formation of haemoglobin
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| water | medium in which metabolism occurs, excellent solvent, hydrolysis reactions, condensation reactions, transporting stuff around cells, high SHC
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| hydrolysis reaction | occurs in digestion, water, with enzymes, breaks bonds between carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water used up, monomers formed
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| condensation reaction (polymerisation) | occurs when carbohydrates, lipids, proteins are reassembled in cells, water lost, polymers being made
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| anabolism | building large molecs from small ones using energy
ex. photosynthesis, protein synthesis
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| catabolism | breaking large molecs into small using energy
ex. respiration, digestion
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Created by:
Aine Murphy
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