Beginning of basic biology terms Chapter One
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is biology? | The study of life.
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| Why is it important to study life? | 1)to better understand the functions of our own bodies 2)to better understand the ecosystems 3) to make new scientific discoveries.
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| Three parts of the cell theory. | 1)all organisms are made of cells 2)cells are the smallest units of life 3)cell come from pre-existing cells.
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| Define homeostasis | Maintenance of stable internal conditions
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| What is the difference between growth and development? | Growth is the increase in cell size/number, and development is the increase in complexity.
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| How is energy used for metabolism? | Energy is used in chemical reactions collectively.
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| Seven hierarchies of life. | Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organs, tissue, organelle, molecule, and atom.
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| Define biosphere. | All the places on Earth where life exists
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| Define ecosystem | a community of organisms in their physical environment
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| Define community | All the species coexisting in a given area
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| Define population | All the organisms
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| Define Organism | Exhibits the characteristics of life
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| Define organ | Composed of two or more types of tissue
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| Define tissue | Composed of specialized cells of a certain type
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| Define Organelle | Membrane-enclosed part of a cell with a specific function
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| Define molecule | Consists of atoms bonded together
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| What elements is the human body composed of? | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
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| DNA | the heritable information that directs the cells activities
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| Genes | Segments of DNA that have a specific function and transmit characteristics from parent to offspring
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| Define a prokaryotic cell. | Lack membrane-bound organelles and do not have DNA held in the nucleus
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| Define an eukaryotic cell. | Have a membrane-bound organelles and DNA in a nucleus.
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| What is taxonomy. | The branch of biology that names and classifies species into a hierarchical order.
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| Taxonomy is comprised of domains. What is a domain? | The broadest units of classification in this system
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| The species name of an organism, contains both its genus and species placement, giving the name two parts. | Binomial Nomenclature.
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| Domain bacteria | Found in many common, temperate environments
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| Domain archaea | Ancient bacteria found in extreme environments
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| Domain eukarya | includes all eukaryotic organisms; kingdom plantae, fungi, protists, and animalia
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| Two mechanisms of evolutionary change | Vertical and horizontal descent
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| Vertical descent | New species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of mutations
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| Natural Selection | Individuals with advantageous mutations are able to survive and reproduce
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| Horizontal gene transfer | Genetic exchange between different species
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| Genome | The complete genetic makeup of an organism
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| Genomics | Involves techniques used to analyze the DNA sequences in genomes
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| Proteome | The complete set of proteins that a cell or organism can make
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| Proteomics | Involves techniques used to analyze the proteome of a single species and compare the proteomes of different species
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| Reductionism | Involves reducing complex systems to simpler components that are easier to study
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| Systems biology | Seeks to create models of the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems
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| Discovery Science | Describes nature through careful observation and data analysis
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| Hypothesis-based science | Explains nature; involves the proposing and testing of a hypothesis
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| Quantitative data | Numerical measurements
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| Qualitative | Recorded descriptions
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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