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Data Collection Methods

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Term
Definition
Closed-ended questions   Type of format in which subjects are asked to select an answer from several choices  
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Instrument   A device, piece of equipment, or paper-and-pencil test that measures a concept of variable of interest  
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Interview schedule/guide   List of topics or an open-ended questionnaire administered to subjects by a skilled interviewer. Sometimes referred to as an interview guide  
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Likert scale   Sometimes referred to as a summative scale. Respondents are asked to respond to a series of statements that reflect agreement or disagreement. Most Likert scales consist of five scale points, designated by the words "strongly agree", "agree", "undec.,etc.  
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Open-ended questionnaire   Type of format in which subjects are asked to provide specific answers  
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Q methodology   Sorting technique used to characterize opinions, attitudes, or judgements of individuals through comparative rank ordering  
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Questionnaire   A structured survey that is self-administered or interviewer-administered  
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Response set bias   The tendency for subjects to respond to items on a questionnaire in a way that does not reflect the real situation accurately  
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Semantic differential scale   Set of scales, using pairs of adjectives that reflect opposite feelings  
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Scale   A set of numerical values assigned to responses that represent the degree to which respondents possess a particular attitude, value, or characteristics  
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Survey   A method of collecting data to describe, compare, or explain knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors  
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Visual analogue scale   Type of scale that measures subjective phenomena (ex: pain, fatigue, SOB, anxiety). The scale is 100 mm long with anchors at each end quantifying intensity. Subjects are asked to mark a point on the line indicating the amount of that phenomenon  
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Biophysical measure    
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Categorical response    
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Continuous response    
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Hawthorne effect   People act like they're supposed to when someone is watching them. They know they are being watched/graded, so they act according to the rules and standards even though they might not act like that all the time when they aren't being watched.  
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Open-ended response    
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