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Science 9 Final

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Term
Definition
Democritus's Uncuttable Atom   1900's, first atomic model, round ball  
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Thomson Plum Pudding Model   1904, second atomic model, positive atoms contained evenly embedded electrons  
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Rutherford Model   1911, third atomic model, positive nucleus surrounded by empty space with electrons  
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Bohr Model   1913, fourth atomic model, electrons travel in fixed orbit around nucleus, which contains protons/neutrons  
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Electron Cloud Model   Current atomic model, electrons surround proton/neutron nucleus and don't travel in a fixed orbit  
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Proton   Positive subatomic particle  
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Electron   Negative subatomic particle  
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Neutron   Neutral subatomic particle  
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Charging By Contact   The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing  
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Charging By Induction   The rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object  
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The Law of Conservation of Charge   Charge can be neither created nor destroyed, only transferred  
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Electric Current   The net movement of electric charges in a single direction  
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Voltage Difference   Measured in volts (v), high voltage --> low voltage  
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Circuit   A closed path that electric current follows  
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Resistance   The tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal/light energy  
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Increased Resistance   Temperature increase, wire length increase, wire thinness increase, nature of metal (natural high or low resistance)  
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Series Circuit   A circuit with only one path for electrons  
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Parallel Circuit   A circuit with more than one path for energy to flow  
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Closed Circuit   A circuit with no breaks  
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Open Circuit   A circuit with one or more breaks  
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Fuse   A strip of metal that melts when a current becomes too high/hot  
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Circuit Breaker   A piece of metal that bends when the current is too high, causing it to flip a switch and open the circuit  
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Magnetic Force   Increases as magnets get closer and decreases as they get further away  
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Magnetic Domains   Groups of atoms with aligned magnetic poles  
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Magnetic Force Flows...   North-->south  
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Permanent Magnet   Has lined up domains, can be removed of magnetic behavior if heated  
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Electromagnet   A temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying an electric current  
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Solenoid   A single wire wrapped into a cylindrical wire coil  
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Electric Motor   A device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy  
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Electromagnet Induction   The generation of a current by a changing mechanical field  
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Generator   Uses electromagnet induction to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy  
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Atomic Number   Tells position on table & number of protons (if neutral, also electrons)  
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Mass Number   The total number of protons and neutrons  
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Valence Electrons   Electrons in the outer shell  
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