Microbiology unit vocabulary
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| antibody | Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
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| antigen | a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, most notably production of antigens
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| DNA | a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses
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| host cell | an organism that harbors a parasitic, a mutual, or a commensal symbiont
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| lymphocyte | a form of small leukocyte with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system.
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| lysogenic cycle | is one of two cycles of viral reproduction characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formations of a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm.
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| lytic cycle | The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane.
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| membranous | something resembling membrane.
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| envelope | made of protein and phospholipid membranes derived from the host cell.
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| mucous membrane | epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs
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| nucleic acid core | an outer protein coating or capsid
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| phagocytic white blood cell | Phagocytes go to work when foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, enter the body and activate the immune system's inflammatory response
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| primary line of defence | physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.
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| protein capsid | the protein shell of a virus. consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of protein called protomers.
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| RNA | molecule with long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate.
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| secondary line of defence | a sequence of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks these invaders
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| tertiary line of defense | adaptive immune response
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| viral specificity | A virus that infects specific host. like only plants, only animals, only fungus or only bacteria
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| white blood cell | are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
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| aerobic respiration | process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen.
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| antibiotic | a medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
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| antiseptic | relating to or denoting substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
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| binary fission | is a kind of asexual reproduction.
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| classification | is a general process related to categorization
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| conjugation | is the direct transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell.
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| disinfectant | a chemical liquid that destroys bacteria.
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| ecological role | Importance to ecosystem
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| fermentation | metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol.
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| motility | ability to move spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process
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| mutate/mutation | occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
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| photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
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| prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
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| resistant/resistance | natural ability of a normal organism to remain unaffected by destructive agents in its environment
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