Heart
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| afterload | the forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart
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| aortic valve | heart valve that prevents back flow from the aorta to the left ventricle
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| apex | pointed end of the heart; the location of the point of maximum impulse
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| atrioventricular node (AV) | group of pacemaker cells in the interartial septum that relays impulses from the atria to the ventricles
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| atrium | the upper chamber of each half of the heart
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| automaticity | the unique ability of the cardiac muscle to contract without nervous stimulation
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| baroreceptors | pressure sensors in the aorta and carotid arteries that detect changes in blood pressure; also called pressoreceptors
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| base | broadest part of the heart; where the great vessels enter and leave
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| cardiac cycle | the series of events that occur form the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
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| cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute
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| chemoreceptors | sensors in the aortic arch, carotid arteries, and medulla that detect increases in levels of carbon dioxide, decreased levels of oxygen, and decreases in pH
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| coronary arteries | vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium
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| diastole | the period of cardiac muscle relaxation
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| electrocardiogram (ECG) | record of the electrical currents in the heart
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| endocardium | the endothelial membrane that lines the chambers of the heart
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| epicardium | the serous membrane on the surface of the myocardium
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| mediastinum | space between the lungs and beneath the sternum
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| mitral valve | the valve that regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle
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| myocardium | the middle layer of the heart wall; composed of cardiac muscle
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| pericardial cavity | space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium that contains a small amount of serous fluid
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| pericardium | the membranous fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the bases of the great vessels
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| preload | the amount of tension, or stretch, in the ventricular muscle just before it contracts
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| proprioceptors | sensors in muscle and joints that signal the cardiac center of changes in physical activity
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| pulmonary valve | heat valve that prevents the backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle
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| Purkinje fiber | nerve-like processes that extend from the bundle branches to the ventricular myocardium; form the last part of the cardiac conduction system
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| rhythmicity | term applied to the heart's ability to beat regularly
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| sinoatrial node (SA) | the heart's primary pacemaker, where normal cardiac impulses arise
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| stroke volume | the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each beat
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| systole | contraction of the chambers of the heart
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| tricuspid valve | the right atrioventricular valve, regulated flow between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart
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Created by:
lindstromjPN110
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