Enzymes
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| Reactant | Takes place at the beginning of the reaction
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| Product | Found at the end of a reaction
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| Metabolism | The totality of all chemical reactions occurring within a biological unit
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| Anabolic | Reactions that combine smaller reactants to form larger products
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| Catabolic | Reactions that break apart larger reactants to form smaller products
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| Substrate | The molecule in an enzyme mediated reaction that bonds to the enzyme and is subsequently altered.
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| Transition State | A molecular structures maximum point of instability as it beings to undergo a chemical reaction.
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| Activation Energy | The energy needed to push a given molecule to its transition state.
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| Denaturing | Changes to protein shape that disturb or eliminate their function
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| Factors that lead to Denaturing | exposure to high heat
exposure to extremes of PH
exposure to toxic, heavy metals, organic poisons
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| How do enzymes affect the rate of reaction? | Enzymes are protein catalysts, that help speed up a specific reaction.
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| How do enzymes affect the stability of substrates and the transition state? | Enzymes decrease stability of the substrates and allow the substrate molecules to achieve their transition state at normal body temperatures.
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| How do enzymes affect the activation energy? | Enzymes decrease the amount of activation energy required to reach transition state.
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| Co Factors | non-protein components of enzymes that assist enzyme functioning, to achieve its proper functional three- dimensional shape.These are usually metals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, or molybdenum
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| Co-enzymes | Co-enzymes are simply organic cofactors, they also assist enzyme functioning, by allowing them to achieve their proper functional three-dimensional shape
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