Evolution and Classification Unit 2016 - 17
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| geographic isolation | The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water
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| reproduction at different times; different mating behaviors; incompatible reproductive structures | Factors that keeps species separate
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| sedimentary rock | Most fossils form in this type of rock
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| cladogram | Analysis of derived characters is used to generate this
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| half-life | The length of time required for half of the radioactive isotope in a sample to decay
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| adaptive radiation | A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone this
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| Cenozoic era | Earth’s most recent era
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| convergent evolution | organisms that are not closely related look similar
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| mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species | by providing new opportunities for them
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| punctuated equilibrium | A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change
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| master control genes, or homeotic genes, could have affected evolution | through small changes in timing during embryonic development
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| dinosaurs | the dominant land animals during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods
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| genus | composed of a number of related species
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| Charles Lyell | emphasized that gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today’s Earth
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| gene pool | The combined alleles of all the individuals that make up a population
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| Biological fitness | the ability of the individual to contribute to the gene pool of the next generation
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| vestigial structures | the pelvis and femur in whales
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| finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics | supports the hypothesis that these finch species originated from a common ancestor
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| Thomas Malthus | suggested populations can grow faster than the rate at which food and resources can be produced.
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| Antibiotics | medicines that kill or slow the growth of bacteria
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| Darwin’s theory of evolution | based on the ideas of variation and natural selection
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| When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding | they look for inherited traits that are of value to humans
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| genetic drift | allele frequencies change because of chance
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| evolutionary classification | The grouping of organisms based on their common descent
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| Similar DNA sequences in genes | evidence of common ancestry
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| eukaryotes | organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
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| Monera | Organisms in the domains Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom
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| The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups | prokaryotes
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| structure; environment; way of life | Fossils usually provide paleontologists with information about each of these
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| Their ribosomes resemble the ribosomes of bacteria | facts about mitochondria and chloroplasts constitutes support for the endosymbiotic theory
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