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2016 - 17 Evolution
Evolution and Classification Unit 2016 - 17
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geographic isolation | The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water |
| reproduction at different times; different mating behaviors; incompatible reproductive structures | Factors that keeps species separate |
| sedimentary rock | Most fossils form in this type of rock |
| cladogram | Analysis of derived characters is used to generate this |
| half-life | The length of time required for half of the radioactive isotope in a sample to decay |
| adaptive radiation | A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone this |
| Cenozoic era | Earth’s most recent era |
| convergent evolution | organisms that are not closely related look similar |
| mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species | by providing new opportunities for them |
| punctuated equilibrium | A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change |
| master control genes, or homeotic genes, could have affected evolution | through small changes in timing during embryonic development |
| dinosaurs | the dominant land animals during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods |
| genus | composed of a number of related species |
| Charles Lyell | emphasized that gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today’s Earth |
| gene pool | The combined alleles of all the individuals that make up a population |
| Biological fitness | the ability of the individual to contribute to the gene pool of the next generation |
| vestigial structures | the pelvis and femur in whales |
| finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics | supports the hypothesis that these finch species originated from a common ancestor |
| Thomas Malthus | suggested populations can grow faster than the rate at which food and resources can be produced. |
| Antibiotics | medicines that kill or slow the growth of bacteria |
| Darwin’s theory of evolution | based on the ideas of variation and natural selection |
| When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding | they look for inherited traits that are of value to humans |
| genetic drift | allele frequencies change because of chance |
| evolutionary classification | The grouping of organisms based on their common descent |
| Similar DNA sequences in genes | evidence of common ancestry |
| eukaryotes | organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia |
| Monera | Organisms in the domains Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom |
| The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups | prokaryotes |
| structure; environment; way of life | Fossils usually provide paleontologists with information about each of these |
| Their ribosomes resemble the ribosomes of bacteria | facts about mitochondria and chloroplasts constitutes support for the endosymbiotic theory |
Created by:
ccarlough