bones and bone tissue
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| articular cartilage | thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the surface of the epiphysis
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| canaliculi | microscopic passageways that connect lamellae to each other
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| cancellous bone | spongy bone found in the ends of long bones and the middle of most other bones
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| compact bone | dense solid bone that forms the shafts of long bones and the outer surfaces of other bones
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| diaphysis | the central shaft-like portion of long bone
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| endochondral ossification | process in the fetus whereby cartilaginous skeleton transforms into bone
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| endosteum | thin epithelial membrane lining the inside of the medullary cavity
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| epiphysis | the head of each end of a long bone
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| haversian canal | a central canal in compact bone containing blood vessels and nerves: surrounded by lamellae
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| intramembranous ossification | process in the fetus whereby fibrous connective tissue evolves into bone
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| lacunae | tiny gaps between rings of lamellae in compact bone
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| lamellae | concentric rings of matrix surrounding haversian canal in compact bone
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| medullary cavity | the central hollow portion of long bone that contains bone marrow
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| osseous tissue | bone tissue
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| ossification | the creation of new bone
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| osteoblast | bone-forming cell
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| osteoclasts | bone cells that dissolve old or unhealthy bone
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| osteocyte | mature osteoblast
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| osteon | basic structural unit of compact cone consisting of a haversian canal and surrounding lamellae
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| periosteum | dense fibrous membrane covering the diaphysis
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| remodeling | reshaping or reconstructing part of a bone
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| resorption | the destruction of old bone; part of the bone remodeling process
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| spongy bone | also called cancellous bone; found in the ends of long bones and the middle of most other bones
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| trabeculae | latticework of osseous tissue that makes up the structure of spongy or cancellous bone
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| bone functions | shape, support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, blood production, and acid-base balance
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| types of bone | long bones, flat bones, short bones, irregular bones
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| long bones | have a very long axis and are longer than they are wide; femur, humerus
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| flat bones | thin, flat, curged bones that protect organs; skull bones, ribs, sternum
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| irregular bones | often in groups, are various sizes and shapes; vertebrae, facial bones
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| short bones | broad as they are long; carpal bones, tarsal bones
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| growth plate | epiphyseal plate
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| tensile strength | resistance to stretching forces
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| compressional strength | resistance to strong, squeezing forces
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| torsional strength | resistance to twisting forces
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| red bone marrow | produces red blood cells
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| yellow bone marrow | does not produce red blood cells
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| fontanels | "soft spot"; fibrous connective tissue on the newborn skull. allows for compression of the fetal head during birth and skull expansion in the first 2 years of life when the brian is growing
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| simple fracture | bone remains aligned and the surrounding tissue is intact
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| compound fracture | bone has pierced through the skin there is likely damage to surrounding tissue, nerves, and blood vessels along with an increased risk of infection
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| greenstick fracture | incomplete fracture similar to when a green stick breaks, thus the name. typically occurs in young children because their bones are softer and the bone will likely splinter rather than break completely
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| comminuted fracture | bone is broken into pieces
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| spiral fracture | fracture line spirals around the bone, result of a twisting force. frequently seen with child abuse
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