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Chapter 6
bones and bone tissue
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| articular cartilage | thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the surface of the epiphysis |
| canaliculi | microscopic passageways that connect lamellae to each other |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone found in the ends of long bones and the middle of most other bones |
| compact bone | dense solid bone that forms the shafts of long bones and the outer surfaces of other bones |
| diaphysis | the central shaft-like portion of long bone |
| endochondral ossification | process in the fetus whereby cartilaginous skeleton transforms into bone |
| endosteum | thin epithelial membrane lining the inside of the medullary cavity |
| epiphysis | the head of each end of a long bone |
| haversian canal | a central canal in compact bone containing blood vessels and nerves: surrounded by lamellae |
| intramembranous ossification | process in the fetus whereby fibrous connective tissue evolves into bone |
| lacunae | tiny gaps between rings of lamellae in compact bone |
| lamellae | concentric rings of matrix surrounding haversian canal in compact bone |
| medullary cavity | the central hollow portion of long bone that contains bone marrow |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| ossification | the creation of new bone |
| osteoblast | bone-forming cell |
| osteoclasts | bone cells that dissolve old or unhealthy bone |
| osteocyte | mature osteoblast |
| osteon | basic structural unit of compact cone consisting of a haversian canal and surrounding lamellae |
| periosteum | dense fibrous membrane covering the diaphysis |
| remodeling | reshaping or reconstructing part of a bone |
| resorption | the destruction of old bone; part of the bone remodeling process |
| spongy bone | also called cancellous bone; found in the ends of long bones and the middle of most other bones |
| trabeculae | latticework of osseous tissue that makes up the structure of spongy or cancellous bone |
| bone functions | shape, support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, blood production, and acid-base balance |
| types of bone | long bones, flat bones, short bones, irregular bones |
| long bones | have a very long axis and are longer than they are wide; femur, humerus |
| flat bones | thin, flat, curged bones that protect organs; skull bones, ribs, sternum |
| irregular bones | often in groups, are various sizes and shapes; vertebrae, facial bones |
| short bones | broad as they are long; carpal bones, tarsal bones |
| growth plate | epiphyseal plate |
| tensile strength | resistance to stretching forces |
| compressional strength | resistance to strong, squeezing forces |
| torsional strength | resistance to twisting forces |
| red bone marrow | produces red blood cells |
| yellow bone marrow | does not produce red blood cells |
| fontanels | "soft spot"; fibrous connective tissue on the newborn skull. allows for compression of the fetal head during birth and skull expansion in the first 2 years of life when the brian is growing |
| simple fracture | bone remains aligned and the surrounding tissue is intact |
| compound fracture | bone has pierced through the skin there is likely damage to surrounding tissue, nerves, and blood vessels along with an increased risk of infection |
| greenstick fracture | incomplete fracture similar to when a green stick breaks, thus the name. typically occurs in young children because their bones are softer and the bone will likely splinter rather than break completely |
| comminuted fracture | bone is broken into pieces |
| spiral fracture | fracture line spirals around the bone, result of a twisting force. frequently seen with child abuse |
Created by:
lindstromjPN110
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