Pediatrics develop.
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| carribean groups | forced kneeling for discipline
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| yemenite jews | garlic to wrists for infectious disease
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| remedies with lead | digestive (mexico), rash/fever (southeast asia), improve eyesight (india)
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| burning | southeast asian, enuresis and temper tantrums
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| coining | vietnamese, disease
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| cupping | steam in cup cools and leaves bruise
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| childs self concept develops from | ideas about his or her social roles
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| 2 things that play a role in childs susceptibility to health problems | hered. and socioeconomic
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| hot and cold | imbalance of forces
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| 2 influences on socialization of children | peers and school
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| evil spirits or evil eye | supernatural forces
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| cold weather = sick | natural forces
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| increase in size and number of cells that results in increased size and weight | growth
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| statistical representation of 100 children and each ones placement within the 100 members | percentiles of growth
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| gradual change and expansion | development
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| cephalocaudal | head to tail growth
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| proximodistal | near to far (shoulders before hands)
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| age: preference for one hand | 5
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| sequential trends | definite predictable sequence
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| pace | accel and decel patterns of growth; individualized
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| growth: infancy | most rapid; trunk grows faster
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| growth: preschool to puberty | slower; extremities grow faster
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| growth: puberty to adolescence | rapid; trunk grows faster
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| first teeth to come and go | lower central incisors
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| lymphs | adult at 6, then get 2x by 12, then back to adult by 18
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| neuro | 90% by 6 years
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| words: infants | 1-2
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| words: toddlers | 2-3 word sentences
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| words: school age | 5-7
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| words: preschool | 3-4
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| temperature stabalizes | 12 yo
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| naps: 2yo | 2
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| naps: 3yo | 1
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| naps: 5 yo | none
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| Piaget: 7-11 yo | concrete operations (inductive reasoning and beginning logic)
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| Piaget: 11-15 | Formal operations (deductive and abstract reasoning)
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| able to classify, sort, and order | concrete operations 7-11
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| solve problems in concrete systematic fashion | concrete operations 7-11
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| cognitive development | concrete operations
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| development of conservation | concrete operations
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| 4 stages of piaget's cognitive development | sensorimotor b-2
preoperational 2-7
concrete operations 7-11
formal operations 11-15
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| adaptability and flexibility | formal operations 11-15
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| abstract thinking | formal operations 11-15
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| most important influence on growth and development | nutrition
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| Playrooms in hospitals | may provide outlet for fears in children. this may be a place where no procedures will happen
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| Play: onlooker play | watching other children play (Infancy)
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| Play: parallel | same toy no interaction (toddler)
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| Play: associative | playing together with no rules or goals (preschool)
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| Play: cooperative | organized with others and has goals and rules (school age)
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| what play do preschoolers engage in? | associative
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| most prominent feature of emotional deprivation | developmental delays
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| Difficult children 10% | highly active
irritable
irregular habits
need structure
negative moods
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| Slow to warm up child 15% | unless pressured, adapt slowly
inactive
moody
moderate irregularity
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| Discipline: reasoning | best for older children
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| Discipline: redirection | good for young children
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| Discipline: strategy of consequences | choice with a result of each
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| dyslalia | articulating problems from being pressured to talk too early
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| at what age group can "reasons for rules" be added into education | preschoolers
3-6
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| what occurs first in boys maturational changes | testicular enlargement
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| what occurs last in boys, right before the decel in growth? | nocturnal emissions
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| what occurs first in girls maturational changes? | breast buds
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| what occurs last in girls right before decel of growth? | menstruation (2 yrs after first signs)
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| what are secondary characteristics the result of | hormonal changes
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| Tanners Stages: initial enlargement of penis length | stage 3
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| Age of development in breast | 11-13
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| Age of development in pubic hair for girls | 11-14
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| Age of development of boys secondary sex characteristics | 12-16
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| Tanners Stages: between what stages does pubic hair begin to appear on the pubis in females | between 2 and 3
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| Tanners Stages: what occurs first in boys | testes enlargment, reddening of scrotal sac, long straight downy hair 9.5 to 14 yrs
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| Tanner Stage: does penis length or diameter growth occur first? | length
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| what are the hormonal changes of puberty | hypothalamus > anterior pitu > gonads > sperm/eggs
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| What causes boys to have a longer growth period in adolescence | slower epiphyseal closure
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| Emotionality | adolescent vacillating between adult and child like behavior (NORMAL)
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| What is Piagets label for adolescence | formal operations period
-Abstract thinking
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| Increased understanding of others increases tolerance | Piagets formal operations period and abstract thinking in adolescence
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| All teenagers concerned about what? | Am I normal?
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| What do peers provide to adolescents | sense of belonging and feeling of strength and power
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| TRUE OR FALSE Adolescents may try to manipulate of control parents and have a preference for peers | TRUE
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| Crushes to group dating to single | sexual relationships
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| Intercourse is done by 1/2 of all by what age | 18
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| sex before age ____ could mean abuse? | 14
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| SEX ED for adolescents | need for factual info. based on developmental maturity
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| Dental health for adolescents | not as many caries
braces in early adolescence
need extra hygiene with braces
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| Tetanus vaccines for adolescents | 11-12 yo if 5 years since DTAP
q 10 y after that
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| Personal care for teenagers is focused on? | body piercings, sunscreen, personal hygiene (deodorant)
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| Greatest cause of serious and fatal injuries in teens | MVA 60 % male
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| What is important about sports and adolescents | sport fits body type
protective gear is worn
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| Shedding of deciduous teeth to acquisition of permanent teeth at puberty | school age or 6-12
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| Height change rate from 6-12 | 2 inches per year
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| At what age do males and females differ little in size | 6-10 or until prepubescence
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| Age + 2 = | bladder capacity in ounces
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| When is the face growing faster than the cranium | 6-12
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| important | treat children according to age and not size
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| avg age of puberty in boys and girls | girls 12 and boys 14
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| what is a strong motivator for school age 6-12 children in gaining independence from parents | peers
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| Developing a sense of industry | cooperative, small jobs, independence, participation
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| Primary goal of middle childhood | increasing independence from parents
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| Inferiority may occur when | disabilities, compared to others, skills not able to master
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| Seeing others viewpoints and agreeing or disagreeing | concrete operations of 6-12
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| Judgements based on reason rather than what is simply seen (Preceptual thinking to conceptual thinking) | concrete operations of 6-12
example is the concept of conservation
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| Conservation is attained at what age | 5-7 years (early school age)
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| Love to classify, sort, and collect | concrete operations of 6-12
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| Positive self concepts leads to feelings of | self respect
self confidence
happiness
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| Able to understand and accept the concept of treating others as they would like to be treated | older school age
(6-7 dont understand reasons)
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| Able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it what age? | older school age
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| what type of play? rules, team play, ego mastery, groups, clubs, fantasy, physical skill | cooperative play
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| What age is cheating common? | 6, they still don't understand why it is wrong
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| Why do children steal | don't understand property rights, revenge, bargaining....
make child take it back and pay
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| Why do children lie? | impress, avoid punishment, meet expectations
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| bed wetting, regression, head-ache | some of the signs of child stress that needs intervention
p1163
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| At what age will children resist going to bed and not know they are tired | 8-11
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| hours of sleep needed by school age | 9.5
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| T/F All children need regular exercise | True
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| what age is eruption of permanent teeth | school age 6-12
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| Assitance with flossing until what age? | 8 or 9
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| ideal time for formal sex education | middle childhood
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| what are normal parental concerns of middle childhood? | separation from family, dishonest behavior, school achievement
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| Safety Education of what age group is directed towards safe play areas and equipment and well supervised sport activities? | school age
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| Primary Prevention | Immunizations
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| Age of discovery and curiosity | preschool 3-6
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| Why are preschoolers more vulnerable to abduction? | they are no longer negative or ritualistic and are more eager to please.
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| The change from the preconceptual phase (2-4) to intuitive thought phase (4-7) occurs when? | a shift from total egocentrism to the ability to see others veiws (still some egocentrism)
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| If A causes B today, then A always causes B | Transductive reasoning (preoperational thought 2-7)
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| Attributing life like quantities to inanimate objects | animism (preop thought 2-7)
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| Inability to conserve | preoperational thought 2-7
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| magical, egocentrism, transductive reasoning, animism are all from? | preoperational thought 2-7
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| egocentric communication for preschoolers | play
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| over 2000 words by what age | 5
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| concept of time not fully understood until | 8-9....preschoolers need the time to relate to an event(casuality)
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| Magical thinking and power of words | preschoolers (if told bad, they feel bad)
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| Poorly defined body boundaries | cut=leak out preschoolers
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| Attachment to opposite sex parent and id with same sex parent; masturbate is COMMON | preschool 3-6
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| what type of play do preschoolers do | associative (lots of others, imitative, dramatic, imaginative) discovery and curiosity!
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| what is associative play | play with others but no goals
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| May have fears (closet under bed) | preschoolers
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| most critical time for developing speech problems | 2-4 end of toddlerhood and beginning of preschool
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| T/F Stuttering/Stammering is normal during preschool and should not be corrected | True
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| difference between nightmares and sleep terrors | nightmares-full awakening
sleep terror-partial arousal from deep nondreaming sleep
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| when are sleep problems most common | preschool
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| Safety education can begin at what age? | preschool bc they understand reasons for rules!!!!!!!!!!
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| Long term safety behaviors are started | with preschoolers
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| Kohlbergs Naive Instrumental Orientation | concerned with satisfying their own needs and less frequently the needs of others (Preschoolers)
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| Special concern areas of preschool | school, sex ed, stress, fears, speach problems
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| sex questions | find out what child knows and be honest
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