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Pediatrics develop.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carribean groups | forced kneeling for discipline |
| yemenite jews | garlic to wrists for infectious disease |
| remedies with lead | digestive (mexico), rash/fever (southeast asia), improve eyesight (india) |
| burning | southeast asian, enuresis and temper tantrums |
| coining | vietnamese, disease |
| cupping | steam in cup cools and leaves bruise |
| childs self concept develops from | ideas about his or her social roles |
| 2 things that play a role in childs susceptibility to health problems | hered. and socioeconomic |
| hot and cold | imbalance of forces |
| 2 influences on socialization of children | peers and school |
| evil spirits or evil eye | supernatural forces |
| cold weather = sick | natural forces |
| increase in size and number of cells that results in increased size and weight | growth |
| statistical representation of 100 children and each ones placement within the 100 members | percentiles of growth |
| gradual change and expansion | development |
| cephalocaudal | head to tail growth |
| proximodistal | near to far (shoulders before hands) |
| age: preference for one hand | 5 |
| sequential trends | definite predictable sequence |
| pace | accel and decel patterns of growth; individualized |
| growth: infancy | most rapid; trunk grows faster |
| growth: preschool to puberty | slower; extremities grow faster |
| growth: puberty to adolescence | rapid; trunk grows faster |
| first teeth to come and go | lower central incisors |
| lymphs | adult at 6, then get 2x by 12, then back to adult by 18 |
| neuro | 90% by 6 years |
| words: infants | 1-2 |
| words: toddlers | 2-3 word sentences |
| words: school age | 5-7 |
| words: preschool | 3-4 |
| temperature stabalizes | 12 yo |
| naps: 2yo | 2 |
| naps: 3yo | 1 |
| naps: 5 yo | none |
| Piaget: 7-11 yo | concrete operations (inductive reasoning and beginning logic) |
| Piaget: 11-15 | Formal operations (deductive and abstract reasoning) |
| able to classify, sort, and order | concrete operations 7-11 |
| solve problems in concrete systematic fashion | concrete operations 7-11 |
| cognitive development | concrete operations |
| development of conservation | concrete operations |
| 4 stages of piaget's cognitive development | sensorimotor b-2 preoperational 2-7 concrete operations 7-11 formal operations 11-15 |
| adaptability and flexibility | formal operations 11-15 |
| abstract thinking | formal operations 11-15 |
| most important influence on growth and development | nutrition |
| Playrooms in hospitals | may provide outlet for fears in children. this may be a place where no procedures will happen |
| Play: onlooker play | watching other children play (Infancy) |
| Play: parallel | same toy no interaction (toddler) |
| Play: associative | playing together with no rules or goals (preschool) |
| Play: cooperative | organized with others and has goals and rules (school age) |
| what play do preschoolers engage in? | associative |
| most prominent feature of emotional deprivation | developmental delays |
| Difficult children 10% | highly active irritable irregular habits need structure negative moods |
| Slow to warm up child 15% | unless pressured, adapt slowly inactive moody moderate irregularity |
| Discipline: reasoning | best for older children |
| Discipline: redirection | good for young children |
| Discipline: strategy of consequences | choice with a result of each |
| dyslalia | articulating problems from being pressured to talk too early |
| at what age group can "reasons for rules" be added into education | preschoolers 3-6 |
| what occurs first in boys maturational changes | testicular enlargement |
| what occurs last in boys, right before the decel in growth? | nocturnal emissions |
| what occurs first in girls maturational changes? | breast buds |
| what occurs last in girls right before decel of growth? | menstruation (2 yrs after first signs) |
| what are secondary characteristics the result of | hormonal changes |
| Tanners Stages: initial enlargement of penis length | stage 3 |
| Age of development in breast | 11-13 |
| Age of development in pubic hair for girls | 11-14 |
| Age of development of boys secondary sex characteristics | 12-16 |
| Tanners Stages: between what stages does pubic hair begin to appear on the pubis in females | between 2 and 3 |
| Tanners Stages: what occurs first in boys | testes enlargment, reddening of scrotal sac, long straight downy hair 9.5 to 14 yrs |
| Tanner Stage: does penis length or diameter growth occur first? | length |
| what are the hormonal changes of puberty | hypothalamus > anterior pitu > gonads > sperm/eggs |
| What causes boys to have a longer growth period in adolescence | slower epiphyseal closure |
| Emotionality | adolescent vacillating between adult and child like behavior (NORMAL) |
| What is Piagets label for adolescence | formal operations period -Abstract thinking |
| Increased understanding of others increases tolerance | Piagets formal operations period and abstract thinking in adolescence |
| All teenagers concerned about what? | Am I normal? |
| What do peers provide to adolescents | sense of belonging and feeling of strength and power |
| TRUE OR FALSE Adolescents may try to manipulate of control parents and have a preference for peers | TRUE |
| Crushes to group dating to single | sexual relationships |
| Intercourse is done by 1/2 of all by what age | 18 |
| sex before age ____ could mean abuse? | 14 |
| SEX ED for adolescents | need for factual info. based on developmental maturity |
| Dental health for adolescents | not as many caries braces in early adolescence need extra hygiene with braces |
| Tetanus vaccines for adolescents | 11-12 yo if 5 years since DTAP q 10 y after that |
| Personal care for teenagers is focused on? | body piercings, sunscreen, personal hygiene (deodorant) |
| Greatest cause of serious and fatal injuries in teens | MVA 60 % male |
| What is important about sports and adolescents | sport fits body type protective gear is worn |
| Shedding of deciduous teeth to acquisition of permanent teeth at puberty | school age or 6-12 |
| Height change rate from 6-12 | 2 inches per year |
| At what age do males and females differ little in size | 6-10 or until prepubescence |
| Age + 2 = | bladder capacity in ounces |
| When is the face growing faster than the cranium | 6-12 |
| important | treat children according to age and not size |
| avg age of puberty in boys and girls | girls 12 and boys 14 |
| what is a strong motivator for school age 6-12 children in gaining independence from parents | peers |
| Developing a sense of industry | cooperative, small jobs, independence, participation |
| Primary goal of middle childhood | increasing independence from parents |
| Inferiority may occur when | disabilities, compared to others, skills not able to master |
| Seeing others viewpoints and agreeing or disagreeing | concrete operations of 6-12 |
| Judgements based on reason rather than what is simply seen (Preceptual thinking to conceptual thinking) | concrete operations of 6-12 example is the concept of conservation |
| Conservation is attained at what age | 5-7 years (early school age) |
| Love to classify, sort, and collect | concrete operations of 6-12 |
| Positive self concepts leads to feelings of | self respect self confidence happiness |
| Able to understand and accept the concept of treating others as they would like to be treated | older school age (6-7 dont understand reasons) |
| Able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it what age? | older school age |
| what type of play? rules, team play, ego mastery, groups, clubs, fantasy, physical skill | cooperative play |
| What age is cheating common? | 6, they still don't understand why it is wrong |
| Why do children steal | don't understand property rights, revenge, bargaining.... make child take it back and pay |
| Why do children lie? | impress, avoid punishment, meet expectations |
| bed wetting, regression, head-ache | some of the signs of child stress that needs intervention p1163 |
| At what age will children resist going to bed and not know they are tired | 8-11 |
| hours of sleep needed by school age | 9.5 |
| T/F All children need regular exercise | True |
| what age is eruption of permanent teeth | school age 6-12 |
| Assitance with flossing until what age? | 8 or 9 |
| ideal time for formal sex education | middle childhood |
| what are normal parental concerns of middle childhood? | separation from family, dishonest behavior, school achievement |
| Safety Education of what age group is directed towards safe play areas and equipment and well supervised sport activities? | school age |
| Primary Prevention | Immunizations |
| Age of discovery and curiosity | preschool 3-6 |
| Why are preschoolers more vulnerable to abduction? | they are no longer negative or ritualistic and are more eager to please. |
| The change from the preconceptual phase (2-4) to intuitive thought phase (4-7) occurs when? | a shift from total egocentrism to the ability to see others veiws (still some egocentrism) |
| If A causes B today, then A always causes B | Transductive reasoning (preoperational thought 2-7) |
| Attributing life like quantities to inanimate objects | animism (preop thought 2-7) |
| Inability to conserve | preoperational thought 2-7 |
| magical, egocentrism, transductive reasoning, animism are all from? | preoperational thought 2-7 |
| egocentric communication for preschoolers | play |
| over 2000 words by what age | 5 |
| concept of time not fully understood until | 8-9....preschoolers need the time to relate to an event(casuality) |
| Magical thinking and power of words | preschoolers (if told bad, they feel bad) |
| Poorly defined body boundaries | cut=leak out preschoolers |
| Attachment to opposite sex parent and id with same sex parent; masturbate is COMMON | preschool 3-6 |
| what type of play do preschoolers do | associative (lots of others, imitative, dramatic, imaginative) discovery and curiosity! |
| what is associative play | play with others but no goals |
| May have fears (closet under bed) | preschoolers |
| most critical time for developing speech problems | 2-4 end of toddlerhood and beginning of preschool |
| T/F Stuttering/Stammering is normal during preschool and should not be corrected | True |
| difference between nightmares and sleep terrors | nightmares-full awakening sleep terror-partial arousal from deep nondreaming sleep |
| when are sleep problems most common | preschool |
| Safety education can begin at what age? | preschool bc they understand reasons for rules!!!!!!!!!! |
| Long term safety behaviors are started | with preschoolers |
| Kohlbergs Naive Instrumental Orientation | concerned with satisfying their own needs and less frequently the needs of others (Preschoolers) |
| Special concern areas of preschool | school, sex ed, stress, fears, speach problems |
| sex questions | find out what child knows and be honest |
Created by:
wb06
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