Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Where do B cells originate? | Bone Marrow
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| By what method does Bcells make their BCR's? | gene re-arrangement
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| What gene segments do the heavy chain consist o? | One V, One D, One J and One C
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| What gene segments do the light chain consist of? | One V, one J and one C
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| What is the specific antigen that the B cell binds to called? | Cognate antigen
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| What part of the cognate antigen does the BCR bind to? | Epitope
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| What are the BCR accessory molecules? | IgAlpha and IgBeta
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| What can co-stimulation can occur to reduce the amount of cross linking by 100-fold? | Complement receptor and complement fragments on the antigen
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| In the T-cell independent pathway, what secondary simulation interaction occurs? | TLR and LPS
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| In the T cell dependent pathway, what secondary co-stimulation interaction occurs? | CD40L and CD40
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| How does class switching occur? | Gene re-arrangement in the constant region
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| What is IgM good for? | Activating complement
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| what shape is IgM? | Pentameric
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| What is IgG good for? | Neutralising viruses , opsonisation, crossing the placenta and ADCC
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| What is IgA good for? | Protecting the mucosal surfaces as it is resistant to degradation
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| Why is IgA resistant to degradation? | Due to the J chain
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| What shape is IgA? | Dimeric
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| What is IgE good for? | Killing parasites
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| How does IgE work? | Fc receptors on mast cellls bind to IgE. When Fab region of IgE binds to parasite, mast cell degranulates
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| What two career choices do B cells have? | Plasma cells or memory cells
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| What cells do MHC-I present to? | Cytotoxic T cells
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| What cells do MHC-II present their antigen to? | Helper T cells
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| What cells express MHC-I? | All nucleated cells
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| What cells express MHC-II? | Antigen presenting cells
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| What are the three MHC-I genes? | HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
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| Outline the three steps in MHC-I processing | 1. Degradation of proteins to peptides
2. transport of the peptides to ER via TAP proteins
3. Binding of peptide to MHC-I
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| What genes are responsible for MHC-II? | HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR
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| What covers the MHC-II binding site in the ER? | Invariant chain
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| What is the invariant chain converted to in the endosome? | CLIP
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| What removes CLIP to allow binding of peptide to MHC-II? | HLA-DM
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| What is TLR-2 responsible for? | Peptidoglycan
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| What is TLR-4 responsible for? | LPS
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| What is TLR-5 responsible for? | Flagellum
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| What i TLR-7 responsible for? | ssRNA
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| What is TLR-3/9 responsible for? | dsDNA
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| What are the three APC? | Dendritic cell, macrophage and B cell
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| During the DC resting phase, the expression of which molecules are low? | B7 and MHC-II
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| When the DC migrates to the lymphocytes, what does it recruit from the blood to replace them? | Monocyte
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| Why do macrophages express MHC-II if they dont go to lymph nodes? | Re-stimulate the T helper cells
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| What is the usefulness of B cells as APC? | It can generate lots of MHC-II quickly in response to a low conc. of antigen in subsequent infections
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| What are the two types of TCR? | Alpha and beta, OR gamma and delta
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| What accessory molecule does the TCR need to be activated? | CD3
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| What co-receptor does MHC-I bind with? | CD8
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| What co-receptor does MHC-II bind with? | CD4
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| What do Th1 cytokines fight against? | Bacterial infections
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| What do Th2 cytokines fight against? | Parasites
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| What cytokines stimulate Th cells to become Th1? | IL-12
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| What cytokines stimulate Th cells to become Th2? | IL-4
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| What substance does Tc cells secrete? | Perforin and granzyme
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