Cells
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| active transport | transport process in which solutes move from areas of lesser to greater concentration: requires energy in the form of ATP
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| cilia | hair-like processes on the surface of the cell that propel materials across a surface
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| cytoplasm | the gel-like substance surrounding the nucleus and filling the cell
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | large polymer of nucleotide that carries the genetic information of a cell
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| diffusion | a passive transport mechanism that involves the movement of particles from an area of higher to lower concentraion
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| endocytosis | form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the cell
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| exocytosis | form of vesicular transport that releases substances outside the cell
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| facilitated diffusion | transport process involving the diffusion of a substance through a channel protein
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| filtration | transport process in which water and dissolved particles are forced across a membrane from an area of higher pressure
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| golgi apparatus | prepares proteins and packages them for export to other parts of the body
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| hydrostatic pressure | pressure exerted by water
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| hypertonic | pertains to a solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell; the cell will shrink
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| hypotonic | pertains to a solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell; the cell will swell
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| isotonic | pertains to a solution in which the concentration of solutes in the solution is the same as the concentration of solutes in the cell; the cell remains the same
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| microvilli | folds of a cell membrane that greatly increases the surface area of a cell to facilitate absorption
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| mitochondria | organelle that converts organic compounds to ATP
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| mitosis | type of cell division in which the "mother" cells split into two identical daughter cells
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| nucleus | the cell's "control center" that contains a complete set of 46 chromosomes
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| organelles | the structure within the cell that performs a specific task in cellular metabolism
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| osmosis | a passive transport mechanism involving the diffusion of water from an area of greater concentration of water and a lesser concentration of solutes to an area of lesser concentration of water and greater concentration of solutes
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| osmotic pressure | water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis
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| phagocytosis | process in which large particles are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell
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| pinocytosis | process in which fluid and dissolved particles are trapped in the plasma membrane and brought into the cell
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| plasma membrane | the external boundry of the cell
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| polymer | large molecule consisting of many smaller molecules joined in sequence
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| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | nucleotide that assists in protein synthesis
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| ribosomes | granules of protein and RNA scattered throughout the cytoplasm: some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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| nerve cells | long extensions allow these cells to quickly transmit electrical impulses form one part of the body to another
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| muscle cells | elongated, thread-like fibers can shorten to allow body parts to move
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| red blood cells | concave shape allows these cells to bend and squeeze through tiny vessels
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| gland cells | intracellular sacs store and release substances, such as hormones, enzymes, mucus, and sweat
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| immune cells | these cells can recognize and destroy foreign invaders (viruses, fungi, and bacteria). some engulf or destroy foreign cells directly; others manufacture antibodies
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| selective permeability | some substances pass through the membrane while others do not
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| chromatin | thread-like structures composed of DNA and protein
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| chromosomes | rod-like structures that are tightly coiled chromatin
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| flagella | hair-like projection that are thicker and longer than cilia and move with a whip-like motion
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| sodium-potassium pump | regulates the volume of fluid within cells and provides electrical potential for nervous system activity and helps in heat production
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