vertebrates examples, what are chordates and vertebrates, fish, amphibians etc
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| Type of symmetry in Chordates... # of tissue layers, and location of their senses( include special name) | Bilateral... all bilateral animals have 3 tissue layers and they have cephalization ( senses concentrated in anterior end ... have a head)
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| What do chordates have that allow them to have more complex organs and systems | a true body cavity ( they are coelomate... have a coelom)
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| What chordates share with annelids and arthropods that allows them to be more flexible and have regions that are specialized | segmentation
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| Which phylum has a close relationship with chordates when the embryo development is studied | echinoderm
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| special characteristic of chordate that is a flexible rod along back or animal ( dorsal side) and in vertebraes it develops into the backbone | notochord
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| this chordate characteristic is above the notochord ...during development the anterior end becomes the brain and the posterior becomes the spinal cord | dorsal hollow nerve cord
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| Chordate characteristic that evolved into gills in aquatic chordates and is evidence of aquatic ancestry for land vertebrates | pharyngeal pouches or slits ( slits on the pharynx--throat area)
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| A chordate characteristic that is located beyond the anus , mostly for locomotion | postanal tail
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| What is special about the classification category of vertebrate | it is a subphylum of the phylum chordate... a group of chordates have backbones. not all chordates a few are invertebrates
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| Two invertebrate chordates | lancelet and tunicate
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| What are other names for backbone | vertebral column or spinal column
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| Name the classes of vertebrates | jawless fish, cartilage fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
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| What are 3 types of mammals | monotremes, marsupials, placentals
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| What is the fancy name for cartilage fish | Chondrichthyes
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| what is the fancy name for bony fish | Osteichthyes
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| What is the fancy name for birds | Aves
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| Name 4 bony fish that are ray-finned ( remember this is the largest group of fish and the most familar) | goldfish, trout, salmon, lion fish, ( blue gill, perch, bass, carp, catfish, cod, sea horse....many more)
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| Name the types of amphibians | frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, caecilians,
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| Name the kinds of reptiles | lizards and snakes,crocodiles and alligators ( and other crocodilia), turtles and tortoises
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| Which type of crocodilia has a thinner snout and some of the lower teeth show when the mouth is closed | crocodile
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| What name is given to the wormlike, legless, tropical amphibian that is rarely seen | caecilian
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| what are the kinds of cartilage fish | sharks, skates, and rays
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| what bird is sometimes confused for a mammal ( it may have feathers that are so thick they look like fur) | penguin
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| what are two kind of jawless fish | hagfish and lamprey
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| the only north american marsupial | Opossum
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| 3 kinds of lobe-finned bony fish | coelacanth, lung fish, and the ancestor of tetrapods
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| the lobe-finned fish that is a living fossils and was though to be extinct but is found periodically... they study it to see if they can determine the evolution of land vertebrates | coelacanth
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| Two mammals with little hair and have bodies covered by scaly stuctures... one lives in China or Africa and the other lives in United States and other Southern locations | Pangolin and Armadillo
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| the only mammal that flies... don't get it mixed up with a bird | Bat
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| Two monotreme mammals | spiny anteater, duckbill platypus
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| A whale is in which chordate class? | mammal
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| Name 4 birds that might be in your backyard | goldfinch, cardinal, oriole, bluebird, blue jay, robin, etc
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| something that fish have in evolutionary development that is not in tunicates or lancelets | they are all called vertebrates
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| What was the evolution development between the lamprey and the shark or other cartilage fish | jaws
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| some bony fish ( called lobe-finned fish) have an evolutionary development that helped vertebrates move to land... they have | lungs
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| What type of environments are fish friendly? what covers the skin of most, and what do they use for respiration | aquatic, scales, gills
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| What fish have to detect vibrations in water ( helps them sense what is around them..like ears), and also helps them with balance | lateral line system
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| Which animals have a single loop circulation system... from heart, to get oxygen, to body and back to heart | fish
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| How many chambers make up the heart of a fish... what are the chambers | 2, atrium and ventricle
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| What are 3 special features of jawless fish | no scales, no paired fins, notochord entire life
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| what were the 2 firsts for cartilage fish | first jaws and first paired fins
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| What makes up the skeleton of sharks, skates, and rays | cartilage
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| what is true about the teeth of many sharks and their skin | they have rows of teeth that can be replaced if lost and their skin is rough like sandpaper
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| Which type of bony fish have bones in their fins | ray-finned
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| Which type of bony fish has fins with muscular lobes and joints similar to land vertebrates ( making the fins more flexible) | lobe-finned
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| the first land vertebrate was called | a tetrapod
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| The plate of bone over the gills is only found in ? fish and is called a/an | bony fish.... and called the Operculum
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| what is found in bony fish that acts like a balloon to control their depth in the water | swim bladder
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| amphibians are decendents of | tetrapods that decended from lobe-finned fish
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| What are 3 things that were needed for amphibians to move onto land... 3 things that had to develop for life on land | strong limbs, lungs, ears( hearing) for sensing environment( lateral line won't work on land)
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| What does amphibian mean... explain | double life they must go back to water for fertilization, and egg development ( eggs are not covered with protective shells)
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| What do amphibians use for respiration | lungs, moist skin, and the lining of the mouth ( THEY DO NOT HAVE SCALES)
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| Amphibians typically have ? legs... but it that a total requirement.. explain | 4 legs. not a total requirement. Caecilian is legless and some salamanders don't have 4 legs
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| What is true about the circulation loops and the chambers of the amphibian heart | amphibians have a 2 loop circulation ( one loop from heart to lungs to get oxygen then back to heart.... 2nd loop from heart to body and back to heart... they have 3 chambers ( 2 atria and a ventricle that is not divided
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| which amphibian groups lacks tails and has long legs for jumping | frogs and toads
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| how is the skin different between a frog and toad | frog has smooth moist skin and toad has drier bumpy skin ( will not cause warts).... toad has poison glands for protection
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| which amphibians have long, slim bodies, necks, and tails | salamanders and newts ( NEWTS ARE AQUATIC)
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| what term describes animals that obtain body het from the external environment... they cannot regulate the body temperature with their metabolism... behavior like sunning are important | ectotherms
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| which animals are ectotherms | fish, amphibians, reptiles
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| what term describes animals that generate their body heat internally using their metabolism... they maintain a constant body temperature | endotherms
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| which animals are endotherms | birds and mammals
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| What is the reptiles claim to fame | they are the first completely terrestrial vertebrates
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| What name is given to reptiles, birds, and mammals based on their eggs or the membranes they have that derived from the egg | amniotes
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| What are two very important parts of the reproduction of reptiles that are important for success on land | internal fertilization and the amniotic egg
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| What do reptiles depend on for respiration | lungs.. they have more surface area ( bigger lungs) and better muscles to bring in air ( they can take in more air than amphbians)
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