Orientation to the human body
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| anatomy | structure of the human body
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| physiology | how the human body functions
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| organs | two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a function
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| cells | smallest living unit in the body
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| tissues | specialized groups of cells with similar structure and function
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| organ systems | groups of organs that contribute to a specific function
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| epithelial tissue | covers or lines body surfaces: outer layer of skin, the walls of capillaries, kidney tubules
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| connective tissue | connects and supports parts of the body: bone, cartilage, adipose tissue
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| muscle | contracts to produce movement: skeletal and heart
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| nerve tissue | generates and transmits impulses to regulate body functions: brain and nerves
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| integumentary system | skin, hair and nails
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| integumentary system functions | protection, temperature, regulation, water retention, and sensation
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| skeletal system | bones, cartilage, ligaments
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| skeletal system functions | protection of body organs, support, movement, blood formation
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| muscular system | skeletal muscles
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| muscular system functions | movement, posture, heat production
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| lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen, tonsils
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| lymphatic system functions | role in fluid balance, production of immune cells, defense against disease
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| respiratory system | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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| respiratory system functions | absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid-base balance, speech
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| urinary system | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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| urinary system functions | excretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume, regulation of blood pressure, control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
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| nervous system | brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs
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| nervous system functions | control, regulation, and coordination of other systems
sensation, memory
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| endocrine system | pituitary gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, thyroid
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| endocrine system function | hormone production, control and regulation of other systems
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| circulatory system | heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
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| circulatory system functions | distribution of oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells, and antibodies
fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
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| digestive system | stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas
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| digestive system functions | breakdown and absorption of nutrients
elimination of wastes
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| male reproductive system | testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis
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| male reproductive system functions | production and delivery of sperm
secretion of sex hormones
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| female reproductive system | ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts
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| female reproductive system functions | production of eggs
site of fertilization
site of fetal development
birth
lactation
secretion of sex hormones
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| medial | toward the body's midline
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| lateral | away from the body's midline
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| distal | farthest from the point of origin
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| proximal | closest to the point of origin
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| Superior | above
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| anterior | toward the front of the body
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| ventral | toward the front of the body
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| posterior | toward the back of the body
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| dorsal | toward the back of the body
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| superficial | at or near the body's surface
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| deep | away from the body's surface
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| inferior | below
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| anatomical position | standing erect, arms at the sides, with face, palms and feet facing forward
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| sagittal plane | divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides
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| transverse plane | divides the body horizontally into the upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
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| frontal plane | divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions
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| What are the two major body cavities? | dorsal and ventral
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| ventral cavity | located at the front of the body: contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities that are separated by the diaphragm
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| thoracic cavity | surrounded by the ribs and chest muscles: contains the heart, large vessels of the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and lungs
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| abdominopelvic cavity | divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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| abdominal cavity | contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
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| pelvic cavity | contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum
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| homeostasis | the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in external conditions
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| receptor | receives information about a change in the environment
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| control center | receives and processes information from the receptor
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| effector | responds to signals from the control center by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus
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| negative feedback | when the effector opposes the stimulus and reverses the direction of change
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| positive feedback | when the effector enhances the stimulus and amplifies the direction of change
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| dorsal cavity | located at the back of the body: contains the cranial and spinal cavities
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| organelle | metabolic units within a cell that perform a specific function necessary to the life of the cell
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