Vocabulary
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| testis | the primary male reproductive organs, which produce sperm cells and testosterone (singular, testis)
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| seminiferous tubule | one of the many tubules in the testis where sperm are produced
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| scrotum | the sac that contains the testes in most male mammals
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| epididymis | the long, coiled tube that is on the surface of a testis and in which sperm mature
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| vas deferens | a duct through which sperm move from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct at the base of the penis
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| seminal vesicle | one of two glandular structures in male vertebrates that hold and secrete seminal fluid
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| prostate gland | a gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid
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| semen | the fluid that contains sperm and various secretions produced by the male reproductive organs
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| penis | the male organ that transfers sperm to a female and that carries urine out of the body
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| ejaculation | the expulsion of seminal fluids from the urethra of the penis during sexual intercourse
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| ovary | in the female reproductive system of animals, an organ that produces eggs
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| fallopian tube | a tube through which eggs move from the ovary to the uterus
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| uterus | in female mammals, the hollow, muscular organ in which a fertilized egg is embedded and in which the embryo and fetus develop
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| cervix | the inferior portion of the uterus
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| vagina | the female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus and that receives sperm during reproduction
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| vulva | the external part of the female reproductive organs
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| labium | an insect mouthpart that functions as a lower lip
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| ovum | a mature egg cell
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| ovarian cycle | a series of hormone-induced changes in which the ovaries prepare and release a mature ovum each month
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| menstrual cycle | the female reproductive cycle, characterized by a monthly change of the lining of the uterus and the discharge of blood
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| follicular phase | the stage in which an immature egg completes its first meiotic division
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| follicle | a small, narrow cavity or sac in an organ or tissue, such as the ones on the skin that contain hair roots or the ones in the ovaries that contain the developing eggs
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| ovulation | the release of an ovum from a follicle of the ovary
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| corpus luteum | the structure that forms from the ruptured follicle in the ovary after ovulation; it releases hormones
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| luteal phase | the menstrual stage in which the corpus luteum develops
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| menstruation | the discharge of blood and discarded tissue from the uterus during the menstrual cycle
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| menopause | the upper boundary of the mesosphere, marked by an increase in temperature
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| bulbourethral gland | one of the two glands in the male reproductive system that add fluid to the semen during ejaculation
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| gestation | in mammals, the process of carrying young from fertilization to birth
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| blastocyst | the modified blastula stage of mammalian embryos
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| implantation | the process by which the newly fertilized egg in the blastocyst stage embeds itself in the lining of the uterus
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| pregnancy | the period of time between conception and birth
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| trimester | one of the three equal periods of about 12 weeks into which the human gestation period is divided
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| embryo | in humans, a developing individual is referred to as an embryo from the second through the eighth week of pregnancy
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| amniotic sac | the sac formed by the amnion
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| chorionic villus | fingerlike projections of the chorion that extend into the uterine lining (singular, chorionic villus)
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| placenta | the structure that attaches a developing fetus to the uterus and that enables the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between the mother and the fetus
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| umbilical cord | the structure that connects an embryo and then the fetus to the placenta and through which blood vessels pass
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| human chorionic gonadotropin | a hormone that is secreted by the placenta and that stimulates ovulation and secretion of progesterone or testosterone (abbreviation, HCG)
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| fetus | a developing human from seven or eight weeks after fertilization until birth
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| labor | the process by which the fetus and the placenta come out of the uterus
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| afterbirth | the remains of the placenta and the membranes, which are expelled from the mother's body following birth
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