Nursing Lab Values
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| Normal PT | 11-16 sec
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| Elevated PT etiology | Warfarin therapy; deficiency of coagulation factors; vitamin K deficiency; liver disease
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| Normal aPTT | 25-35 sec
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| Elevated aPTT etiology | heparin therapy; deficiency of coagulation factors; hemophilia, liver disease
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| Normal Calcium | 8.6-10.2 mg/dL
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| Elevated Calcium etiology | Acute osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D intoxication, multiple myeloma
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| Decreased Calcium etiology | tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), Acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, vitamin D deficiency
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| Normal urine output | 1mL/kg/hr
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| Normal Potassium | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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| Elevated Potassium etiology | Addison's disease, diabetic ketosis, massive tissue destruction (e.g., burn patients), renal failure
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| Decreased Potassium etiology | hyperaldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, diarrhea (severe), diuretic therapy, gastrointestinal fistula (colitis), pyloric obstruction, starvation, vomiting
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| Normal Creatinine | 0.6-1.3 mg/dL
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| Elevated Creatinine etiology | severe renal disease (inadequate glomerular filtration)
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| WBC count normal | 4.0-11.0 × 103/μL (4,000-11,000/μL)
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| Elevated WBC count etiology | Inflammatory and infectious processes, leukemia, use of oral steroids
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| Decreased WBC count etiology | Aplastic anemia, side effects of chemotherapy and irradiation
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| Normal amylase | 30-122 U/L
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| Elevated amylase | Acute and chronic pancreatitis, mumps (salivary gland disease), perforated ulcers
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| Decreased amylase | Acute alcoholism, cirrhosis of liver, extensive destruction of pancreas
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| Normal Hematocrit (Hct) | Male: 39%-50% Female: 35%-47%
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| Elevated Hct etiology | Dehydration, high altitudes, polycythemia
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| Decreased Hct etiology | Anemia, hemorrhage, overhydration
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| Normal Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb) | Male: 13.2-17.3 g/dL Female: 11.7-15.5 g/dL
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| Elevated Hgb etiology | COPD, high altitudes, polycythemia
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| Decreased Hgb etiology | Anemia, hemorrhage
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| Normal sodium | 135-145 mEq/L
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| Elevated sodium etiology | Dehydration, impaired renal function, primary aldosteronism, corticosteroid therapy
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| Decreased sodium etiology | Addison's disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, diuretic therapy, excessive loss from GI tract, excessive perspiration, water intoxication
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| Therapeutic range for digoxin | 0.8-2ng/mL; toxic levels >2ng/mL
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| Hyperthyroidism lab values | T3 elevated, T4 elevated, TSH decreased
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| Hypothyroidism lab values | T3 decreased, T4 decreased, TSH elevated
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| Normal Albumin | 3.5-5.0 g/dL
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| Elevated Albumin etiology | Dehydration
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| Decreased Albumin etiology | Chronic liver disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome; acute infection, ascites, alcoholism, burns, cirrhosis
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| normal CD4 T cell count | 800-1200 cells/μL (>500 still considered “healthy” immune system)
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| Normal Blood Urea nitrogen (BUN) | 6-20 mg/dL
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| Elevated BUN etiology | Increase in protein catabolism (fever, stress), renal disease, urinary tract infection
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| Decreased BUN etiology | Malnutrition, severe liver damage
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| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45
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| Normal PaCO2 | 48-32 mm Hg
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| Normal HCO3 | 22-26 mEq/L
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| normal neutrophil count | 4000-11,000/μL
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| Normal phosphorus | 2.4-4.4 mg/dL
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| hyperphosphatemia etiology | Healing fractures, hypoparathyroidism, renal disease, vitamin D intoxication, tumor lysis syndrome
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| hypophosphatemia etiology | malnutrition/starvation (alcoholism), antacid use, Diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency
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| Normal Glucose level | 70-99 mg/dL (notify Dr. >250)
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| CD4 T cell count criteria for AIDS | <200
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