micro final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| sterilization | no life form present
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| microbicidal | kills microbes
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| bactericidal | kills bacteria
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| fungicidal | kills fungi
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| contaminated | not sterile
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| sanitization | not sterilization, just clean
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| microbiostatic | causes tiny life forms not to grow [ex. - refrigerator]
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| pharmacology | study of drugs
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| antimicrobial agents | drugs used to treat infections
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| antibiotic | metabolic production of one microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microbe
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| selective toxicity | selective inhibition of the growth of the microorganism without damage to the host
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| broad spectrum antibiotic | active against several types of microbes
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| narrow spectrum antibiotic | active against one or few types of microbes [best for treatment]
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| physical control of microbes | heat, filtration, uv light, x-rays, gamma rays, dehydration, cold
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| chemical control of microbes | disinfectant, antiseptic, chlorine, alcohol, soap, hydrogen peroxide
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| only way to destroy endspores | autoclave [pressure and steam]
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| penicillin... | acts by inhibiting transpeptidases
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| pathogenesis | the ability to cause disease is dependent on the ability to overcome challenges
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| different reservoirs | human, animal, environment
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| portals of entry | skin, nose, eye, mouth, urethra, vagina, placenta
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| ID50 | infectious dose for 50% test animals [the lower it is, the more likely it is to cause disease]
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| modes of transmission | respiratory droplets, fomites, body contact, fecal-oral, arthropod vectors, airborne, parenteral
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| portals of exit | nose, mouth, anus, genitals, blood
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| nosocomial infections are... | healthcare associated infections, acquired in a hospital
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| types of nosocomial infections | MRSA, C. diff, pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeast, fungus, klebisella, E. coli
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| lines of defense against infection | non-specific surface, non-specific interior, immune
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| inflammation | pain, redness, swelling, heat
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| antigen | foreign substance that triggers immune response in host
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| antibody | protein produced by B lymphocytes that binds to antigens freely
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| where B cells mature | bone marrow
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| where T cells mature | thymus
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| IgG antibody | activates component cascades
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| IgA antibody | protects mucous membranes
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| IgM antibody | primary immune response
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| IgD antibody | signals B cells
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| IgE antibody | stimulates degranulation of basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells
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| the ability to mount an efficient secondary antibody response depends on | memory T & B cells
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| T lymphocyte stimulation leads to a type of immunity called | cell-mediated immunity
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| the call that matures in the thymus gland | is responsible for cell-mediated immunity
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| the first antibody produced in a primary antibody response is | IgM
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| which of the following is the fastest response to an antigen? | secondary immune response
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| which is not an effect of complement activation? | enhanced T lymphocyte activity through thymus gland interaction
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| the uniqueness of an individual is defined in part by | MHC proteins on the surfaces of individual cells [important in transplants]
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| which is the best definition for innate immunity? | several non-specific defenses present from birth
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| neutrophils are those leukocytes that function | phagocytes in body resistance
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| when clotting agents are removed from the blood | serum
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| link between macrophages & neutrophils | are phagocytes
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| which is not a lymphocyte? | monocytes
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| which leukocytes are involved in acquired immunity? | B lymphocytes & T lymphocytes
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| where is normal flora not found? | the blood
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| degree to which organism is able to cause disease | phagogenecity
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| botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria are distinguished by | production of endotoxins
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| endotoxin shock may be observed to follow | antibiotic treatment of a disease due to GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria
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| disease constantly present at low level in an area | endemic
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| which is not a common cause of nosocomial infections? | inefficient air handling mechanisms
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| a substance that has been pasteurized | is not considered sterile
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| two draw backs to penicillin | allergic reactions and drug resistance
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| MRSA is resistant to what? | methicillin
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| cephlosporin & penicillin antibiotics | act on cell wall of bacteria
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| nyastatin is recommended for | candida albicans of intestines / oral cavity
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| kirby-bauer test is useful for determining | which antibiotic should be used
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Created by:
hannahfrancesford
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