Cell parts/transport, Eco 1&2, Intro to Bio, Mitosis, Meiosis, Heredity
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on it to display the answer.
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| Prokaryote | These cells do not contain a nucleus. Example- bacteria
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| Eukaryote | These types of cells have a nucleus. Example- plant, animal
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| Nucleus | The control center of the cell, where DNA is housed.
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| Ribosome | Organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.
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| Cell membrane | The semi-permeable boundary found in all cells that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
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| Cell wall | Found only in plant cells, helps protect and support the cell.
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| Vacuole | Storage containers for food and water. One large on in plants, many small ones in animals.
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| Cytoplasm | Made mostly of water, gelatinous substance that the organelles of the cell are found in.
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| Chloroplast | Found only in plant cells, site of photosynthesis.
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| Golgi body | This organelle modifies, packages, and sorts proteins.
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Organelle sometimes covered with ribosomes, sometimes not. Act as a tunnel transport system through the cytoplasm.
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| Mitochondria | Organelle where cellular respiration takes place. (Turning sugar into energy.)
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| Lysosome | Small saclike structures filled with digestive enzymes, help clean up the cell.
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| Cilia/Flagella | Hair like projections that help with movement
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| Cell | The basic unit of life
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| Organelle | A specialized cell structure that carries out specific functions
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| Genetics | study of genes or heredity
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| Inheritance (heredity) | how traits, or characteristics, are passed on from generation to generation.
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| Gregor Mendel | The Father of Genetics
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| allele | an alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation
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| Dominant | The gene that is usually "shown"
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| Recessive | the gene that is usually masked or covered up
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| Homozygous | organism has two of the same alleles for a specific trait.
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| Heterozygous | the organism has different alleles for a specific trait
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| Phenotype | The observable trait is called the
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| Genotype | the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait
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| Phenotype | The observable trait is called the
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| Law of Segregation | the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis
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| true-breeding | "pure bred" a homozygous organism
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| hybrid | heterozygous organism
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| Monohybrid | crossing parents with different alleles for a single trait
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| Dihybrid | crossing parents with different alleles for two or more traits in the same plant
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| Law of Independent Assortment | A random distribution of alleles occurring during gamete formation
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| Punnett squares | show how crosses are made and can calculate the probability of a trait that is passed on.
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| Pedigrees | diagrams that trace the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations.
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| Simple Dominance | a hetrozygous gene's dominant allele hides the trait of the recessive allele
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| Incomplete Dominance | a hetrozygous gene's dominant allele and recessive allele have a "in between" phenotype.
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| Codominance | both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
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| Carrying Capacity | The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support
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| Extinction | The entire disappearance of a species
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| Emmigration | The movement of organisms out of an area
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| Immigration | The movement of organisms into an area
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| Habitat Fragmentation | Splitting of ecosystems into peices
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| Primary Succession | Succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present
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| Secondary Succession | Type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances
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| Limiting Factor | Factor that causes population growth to decrease
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| Ecological Succession | Series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance
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| Biodiversity | The variety of organisms in the biosphere
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| Introduced Species | A species that is not native to an area
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| Ecosystem | All of the living and nonliving things in an area.
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| Community | All the living things in an area.
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| Population | A group of the same species in the same place.
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| Organism | A single living thing. Example- Fox
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| Mutualism | A close relationship where both species benefit.
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| Commensalism | A close relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected.
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| Parasitism | A close relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
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| Predation | One organism is fed the other is dead.
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| Competitive Exclusion Principle | states no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time.
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| Niche | The job an organism has within an ecosystem, along with what it eats and what eats it
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| Abiotic | Nonliving factors
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| Biotic | Living factors.
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| Food Chain | Shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
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| Food Web | A series of connected food chains.
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| Symbiosis | A close relationship between two organisms.
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| Osmosis | The movement of water from an area of high concentration to low.
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| Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low.
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| Hypertonic | Concentration of dissolved substances is higher on the outside of the cell.
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| Hypotonic | Concentration of dissolved substances is lower on the outside of the cell.
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| Isotonic | Concentration of dissolved substances is the same on the inside and outside of the cell.
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| Passive Transport | The movements of materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy.
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| Active Transport | The movement of materials across the cell membrane with the use of energy.
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| Facilitated Diffusion | The movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of transport proteins.
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| Endocytosis | Active transport, engulfing material into the cell.
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| Exocytosis | Active transport of materials out of the cell.
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| Equilibrium | Continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials
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| Semi-Permeable | Allows some substances in and out of the cell but not others.
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| Solvent | Substance in which another substance is dissolved
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| Solute | Substance dissolved in a solvent
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| Question | How does ________________ effect ________________
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| Hypothesis | Possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question. An "If then statement" If ________________ then _________________
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| Procedure | somewhat detailed, step - by - step description of how you conducted your experiment. # number of steps
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| Data | The data are the values written down as the experiment progresses
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| Graph | A nice and neat way of organizing Data
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| Quantitative Data | Deals with numbers, Data which can be measured, Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc.
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| Qualitative Data | Deals with descriptions. Data can be observed but not measured. Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.
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| Human Error | Errors made by humans in a particular experiment.
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| Independent variable | elements of an experiment that will change
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| Dependent variable | Elements of an experiment that will not change. Also called controlled variable.
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| Cell Cycle | The life cycle of a cell,a series of events that take place from one cell division to the next
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| Chromosome | Structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material DNA
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| Mitosis | The process our body cells use to divide the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei
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| Interphase | Period of growth and development before cell division. When chromosomes are duplicated
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| Prophase | chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form
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| Metaphase | chromosomes, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
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| Anaphase | The sister chromatid separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart
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| Telophase | chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear membranes form; cleavage begins
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| Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and the forming of two new cells
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| Centromere | area connecting sister chromatids
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| Sister Chromatid | When a chromosome is duplicated the two identical parts are know as these
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| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell division
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| Asexual Reproduction | Type of reproduction where a new exact copy of one parent organism is formed
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| Stem Cell | Biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells.
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| meiosis | a process of cell division that allows organisms to reproduce
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| haploid cells | cells that contain only one set of chromosomes
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| diploid cells | cells than contain two sets of chromosomes, each set from each parent
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| zygote | a female germ cell that has been fertilized by a male germ cell and inherits one set of chromosomes from each parent
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| gametes | sex cells; including sperm and eggs
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| homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes that are paired and have information about the same trait
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| somatic cells | all cells besides egg or sperm cells
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| tetrad | a four-strand group of chromosomes joined at a point
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| crossing-over | an exchange of genetic material between two chromatids
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Created by:
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