Intro to Psych Ch. 7
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| Sensory Memory | The part of memory that holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time, usually about 1/2 a second or less
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| Short-Term | The part of memory that temporarily stores a limited amount of information before it is either transferred to long-term storage or forgotten
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| Working Memory | The part of the memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand; often used interchangeably with short- term memory
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| How Short-Term Memory Works | 3 distinct processes
attends to stimulus (Focus on the task at hand and develop a plan)
Storing info about the stimulus (Taken in & sent to temporary storage)
Phonological loop
Visuospatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
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| The Serial Position Effect | When learning a list of items, it is easier to recall the items as the beginning and end of the list
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| Long-Term Memory | The part of memory that has the capacity to store a vast amount of info for as little as 30 sec or your entire lifetime
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| Types of Long-Term Memory | Implicit memory (How to ride a bike)
Explicit (Where you left your car keys)
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| Implicit Memory | Memory made up of knowledge based on previous experience
Able to recall automatically
Contains procedural memory and priming
Retrieved without effort
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| Explicit Memory | Knowledge that consists of the conscious recall of facts and events
Requires effort in order to be retrieved
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| Stages in Long-Term Memory | Encoding
Consolidation
Storage
Retrieval
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| Encoding | Process by which the brain attends to, takes in, and integrates new information
Attention drives the encoding process (automatic or effortful)
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| Consolidation | Process of establishing, stabilizing, or solidifying a memory
proteins are created for long-term memory information
Sleep plays a huge role in this process
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| Amnesia | Memory Loss Caused by Brain Injury and Disease
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| Absent-mindedness | Forgetfulness due to inattention
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| Anterograde amnesia | Inability to remember events that occur after an injury or the onset of a disease
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| Blocking | The inability to retrieve some information once it is stored
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| Chunking | Grouping things together
4738291827 ---> (473)- 829- 1827
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| Episodic memory | Recalls the experiences we have had
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| False memories | Memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by someone or something
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| Interference | Disruption of memory because other information competes with information we are trying to recall
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| Memory | The ability to store and use information; also to store what has been learned and memories
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| Mnemonic device | Used to remember things
ROY G. BIV --> Used to remember the colors of the rainbow
Creates visual or mental stroll to recall information
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| Priming | Implicit memory that occurs when recall is improved by prior exposure to the same or similar stimuli
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| Proactive interference | Disruption on memory because previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information
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| Procedural memory | Implicit knowledge for almost any behavior or physical skill we have learned
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| Recovered memory | Memory from a real event that was encoded, stored but not retrieved for a long period of time until some later event brings it to consciousness
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| Rehearsal | Cognitive process in which information is repeated over and over as a possible way of learning and remembering it
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| Repression | Unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings or impulses out of consciousness
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| Retrieval | The recovery of information stored in memory
The ease of retrieval and the time frame over which we can recall is determined by the previous stages of memory
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| Retroactive interference | Disruption of memory because new experiences or information causes people to forget previously learned experiences or information
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| Retrograde amnesia | Inability to recall events or experiences that happened before the onset of disease or injury
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| Schemas | Mental frameworks that develop from our experiences with particular people, objects, or events
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| Semantic memory | Recalls facts and general knowledge
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| Storage | Keeping memories or information in your brain
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| Three-stage model of memory | Classification of memories based on duration as sensory, short-term, and long- term
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| Hierarchies | A way for organization relating pieces of information from the most specific feature they have in common to most general
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| Short term memory capacity | differs for everyone
5-9 letters on average
some struggle with 3 others can do 12 easily
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| Primacy effect | Beginning of the list
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| Recency effect | End of the list
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| Associative networks | A chain of associations between related concepts
Associations bind concepts together
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| Suggestibility | Problem with memory that occurs when memories are implanted in our minds based on leading questions comments or suggestions by someone else or some other source
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